Nursing Elites

1. Baby John develops hyperbilirubinemia. What is a method used to treat hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn?

• A. Keeping infants in a warm and dark environment
• B. Administration of cardiovascular stimulant
• C. Gentle exercise to stop muscle breakdown
• D. Early feeding to speed passage of meconium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

2. Which is the best description of a full-liquid diet?

• A. Most suitable for individuals with an ileostomy
• B. Suitable for individuals with lactose intolerance
• C. Contains low saturated fat and high fiber
• D. Provides adequate nutrients and is easily digested

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a full-liquid diet is designed to provide adequate nutrients while being easily digested. Choices A and B are incorrect because a full-liquid diet is not specifically tailored for individuals with an ileostomy or lactose intolerance. Choice C is also incorrect as it describes characteristics that are not defining features of a full-liquid diet.

3. Which of the following provides greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and overall better health and greater longevity for older adults?

• A. Eating balanced meals
• B. Not smoking or drinking alcohol
• C. Daily physical activity
• D. Increased intake of calcium and iron

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Daily physical activity. Daily physical activity contributes to better flexibility, balance, endurance, and overall health, helping older adults maintain independence and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Choices A, B, and D, although important for overall health, do not specifically address the benefits of greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and greater longevity associated with daily physical activity.

4. What does oliguria lead to in patients with acute kidney injury?

• A. Hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue
• B. An increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone
• C. Sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium
• D. Edema due to increased urine production

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria (reduced urine output) often results in sodium retention and hyperkalemia (elevated levels of potassium). This is due to the kidneys' decreased capacity to excrete these substances. Choice A is incorrect because hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue are not direct consequences of oliguria in acute kidney injury. Choice B is incorrect because an increase in blood potassium levels is not caused by excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone but rather by decreased excretion of potassium. Choice D is incorrect because edema is not caused by increased urine production but rather by fluid overload due to decreased urine output.

5. A patient is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin level, edema, and elevated blood lipids. Which condition do these symptoms typically associate with?

• A. Nephrotic syndrome
• B. Acute kidney injury
• C. Rejection of a kidney transplant
• D. Renal colic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria (excess protein in urine), hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin), edema (swelling due to fluid buildup), and hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids). These symptoms occur as a result of damage to the kidneys' filtering units. Acute kidney injury, rejection of a kidney transplant, and renal colic do not present with the same combination of symptoms as nephrotic syndrome. Acute kidney injury typically presents with a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in a build-up of waste products in the blood. Rejection of a kidney transplant may present with fever, pain at the transplant site, and changes in urine output. Renal colic usually presents with intense pain in the lower back or side, related to kidney stones.

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