Nursing Elites

1. Baby John develops hyperbilirubinemia. What is a method used to treat hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn?

• A. Keeping infants in a warm and dark environment
• B. Administration of cardiovascular stimulant
• C. Gentle exercise to stop muscle breakdown
• D. Early feeding to speed passage of meconium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

2. Which of the following terms refers to a process by which an individual receives education about the recognition of stress reactions and management strategies for handling stress, which may be instituted after a disaster?

• A. Critical incident stress management
• B. Follow-up
• C. Debriefing
• D. Defusion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Critical incident stress management is a process that provides individuals with education about recognizing stress reactions and strategizing management techniques for handling stress after a disaster. Choice B, 'Follow-up', is incorrect because it generally refers to continuing care after initial treatment, not specifically to stress management education. Choice C, 'Debriefing', is a process where individuals involved in a critical event are brought together to discuss the event and their reactions to it. It can be part of the critical incident stress management process, but it doesn't cover the whole process. Choice D, 'Defusion', is a technique used in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event to help individuals process their experiences, but it does not encompass the full range of education about stress recognition and management strategies.

3. The recommended treatment modality in clients with obsessive-compulsive disorder is:

• A. Psychotherapy
• B. Behavior therapy
• C. Aversion therapy
• D. Psychoanalysis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recommended treatment modality for clients with obsessive-compulsive disorder is Behavior Therapy, not Psychoanalysis. Behavior therapy, specifically exposure and response prevention, is considered the first-line treatment for OCD. This therapy focuses on changing the patterns of behavior that contribute to the disorder. Psychotherapy, although beneficial in some cases, is not as effective as behavior therapy for OCD. Aversion therapy involves associating a stimulus with a negative outcome to reduce the frequency of a specific behavior, which is not the primary approach for OCD.

4. Miss CEE is admitted for treatment of major depression. She appears withdrawn, disheveled, and states 'Nobody wants me'. What does the nurse most likely expect that Miss CEE is to be placed on?

• A. Neuroleptics medication
• B. Special diet
• C. Suicide precaution
• D. Anxiolytics medication

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Given Miss CEE's state of major depression and her expressed feelings of worthlessness ('Nobody wants me'), the nurse would most likely expect her to be placed on suicide precaution. This means that measures would be taken to ensure her safety and to prevent her from harming herself. While medications like neuroleptics (Choice A) and anxiolytics (Choice D) might be employed as part of her overall treatment, these medicines are primarily used for conditions like psychosis and anxiety respectively, not specifically for depression or suicidal ideation. A special diet (Choice B) may be part of a comprehensive treatment plan, but it is not as immediate or as directly related to her current emotional and psychological state as suicide precaution is.

5. Toilet training occurs in the anal stage of Freud’s psychosexual development. This is equivalent to Erikson’s:

• A. Trust vs. Mistrust
• B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
• C. Initiative vs. Guilt
• D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trust vs. Mistrust. In Freud's psychosexual development theory, the anal stage is where toilet training occurs, focusing on issues of control and independence. This stage is parallel to Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust stage, where infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on the consistency of care they receive. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they correspond to different stages in Erikson's psychosocial development theory, not related to toilet training or the anal stage of Freud's theory.

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