Nursing Elites

1. Baby John develops hyperbilirubinemia. What is a method used to treat hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn?

• A. Keeping infants in a warm and dark environment
• B. Administration of cardiovascular stimulant
• C. Gentle exercise to stop muscle breakdown
• D. Early feeding to speed passage of meconium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

2. Age group categories within older adults are classified as 'young old,' 'old,' and 'oldest old,' the latter of which comprises adults aged _____.

• A. 70-80 years
• B. 75-84 years
• C. 80-90 years
• D. 85 years or older

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The 'oldest old' category includes adults aged 85 years or older. This age group faces unique health challenges and requires specialized care. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not fall within the age range specified for the 'oldest old' category.

3. Nutrients that may help decrease high blood pressure levels include:

• A. magnesium and sodium
• B. protein and monounsaturated fat
• C. calcium and potassium
• D. dietary fiber and plant sterols

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calcium and potassium play vital roles in regulating blood pressure, with potassium helping to balance the negative effects of sodium.

4. A nurse in a prenatal clinic is educating a client about expected changes during pregnancy. The nurse should instruct the client about which change during pregnancy is related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract?

• A. Diarrhea
• B. Constipation
• C. Decreased absorption of iron
• D. Decreased absorption of calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During pregnancy, the hormonal changes can lead to the slowing down of the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation. This occurs due to increased progesterone levels, which relax smooth muscles, including those in the intestines, leading to slower bowel movements. Diarrhea is not typically associated with the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. While there may be changes in the absorption of nutrients like iron and calcium, they are not directly related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract.

5. Each nonnutritive sweetener can be recommended to patients with phenylketonuria, except one. Which one is the exception?

• A. Cyclamate
• B. Acesulfame-K
• C. Saccharin
• D. Aspartame

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Aspartame. Aspartame contains phenylalanine, which is contraindicated for individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder that impairs phenylalanine metabolism. Therefore, patients with PKU should avoid aspartame. Choices A, B, and C (Cyclamate, Acesulfame-K, Saccharin) are considered safe for individuals with PKU as they do not contain phenylalanine and can be recommended as alternatives to sugar for these patients.

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