Nursing Elites

1. The major determinant of a person's total cholesterol levels is the amount of cholesterol in their diet.

• A. True
• B. False
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: It is false that the major determinant of a person's total cholesterol levels is the amount of cholesterol in their diet. While dietary cholesterol can have some impact on total cholesterol levels, it is not the major determinant. The amount and types of fats consumed, particularly saturated and trans fats, have a more significant impact on blood cholesterol levels. Therefore, a diet high in these types of fats can lead to high cholesterol, irrespective of the amount of dietary cholesterol consumed. This is why it is essential to maintain a balanced diet with a limited intake of saturated and trans fats.

2. Monosaccharides are converted into glucose in the liver to provide an energy supply to the cells.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. Monosaccharides are indeed converted into glucose in the liver. Glucose, in turn, serves as a primary energy source for cells in the body, providing the necessary fuel for various cellular functions. The liver plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by converting monosaccharides into glucose and releasing it into the bloodstream when needed. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because both statements are accurate in this context.

3. List 2 Dispensable amino acids

• A. Alanine
• B. Serine
• C. Glycine
• D. Proline

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dispensable amino acids, such as alanine and serine, can be synthesized by the body and are not required to be obtained from the diet.

4. Each nonnutritive sweetener can be recommended to patients with phenylketonuria, except one. Which one is the exception?

• A. Cyclamate
• B. Acesulfame-K
• C. Saccharin
• D. Aspartame

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Aspartame. Aspartame contains phenylalanine, which is contraindicated for individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder that impairs phenylalanine metabolism. Therefore, patients with PKU should avoid aspartame. Choices A, B, and C (Cyclamate, Acesulfame-K, Saccharin) are considered safe for individuals with PKU as they do not contain phenylalanine and can be recommended as alternatives to sugar for these patients.

5. Can soluble fibers be fermented by gut bacteria?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Soluble fibers can indeed be fermented by gut bacteria in the large intestine, leading to the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids. This fermentation process is important for gut health and provides various health benefits. Therefore, the statement is true. Choice B is incorrect as it contradicts the known scientific fact that soluble fibers can be broken down by gut bacteria through fermentation.

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