Nursing Elites

1. According to the dietary reference intakes, what percentage of your daily calorie intake should ideally come from carbohydrates?

• A. 10-35%
• B. 20-35%
• C. 40-50%
• D. 45-65%

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Carbohydrates should ideally make up 45-65% of your total daily caloric intake, according to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). This range provides the necessary energy for bodily functions and activities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they fall outside the recommended range for carbohydrate intake based on the DRIs.

2. Diego is undergoing blood transfusion of the first unit. The earliest signs of transfusion reactions are:

• A. Oliguria and jaundice
• B. Urticaria and wheezing
• C. Headache, chills, & fever
• D. Hypertension and flushing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. In PEM, which condition is characterized by symptoms such as muscle weakness, hanging skin, delayed tooth eruption, and changes in saliva?

• A. Marasmus
• B. Kwashiorkor
• C. Anemia
• D. Noma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Marasmus. Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that leads to muscle wasting, hanging skin, delayed growth, and changes in saliva. These symptoms are commonly seen in vulnerable populations such as children, homeless individuals, older adults, and substance abusers. Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is characterized by edema, a distended belly, and skin lesions. Anemia is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count, leading to fatigue and weakness. Noma is a severe infection affecting the face, particularly the mouth and jaw area.

4. Age group categories within older adults are classified as 'young old,' 'old,' and 'oldest old,' the latter of which comprises adults aged _____.

• A. 70-80 years
• B. 75-84 years
• C. 80-90 years
• D. 85 years or older

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The 'oldest old' category includes adults aged 85 years or older. This age group faces unique health challenges and requires specialized care. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not fall within the age range specified for the 'oldest old' category.

5. A client is being instructed by a nurse about foods that should be included in a low-fiber diet. Which statement by the client indicates understanding?

• A. I can cut up carrots and celery sticks for my lunch.
• B. I will eat a bran muffin for my mid-morning snack.
• C. I will have oatmeal with skim milk for my breakfast.
• D. I should choose canned peaches for my fruit serving.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because canned peaches are lower in fiber compared to the other options. Carrots, celery sticks, bran muffins, and oatmeal are high-fiber choices, which are not suitable for a low-fiber diet. Choosing canned peaches aligns with the requirements of a low-fiber diet.

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