Nursing Elites

1. The healthcare professional in the dialysis unit understands that patients may experience various complications during hemodialysis. What describes a common complication during hemodialysis?

• A. confusion
• B. profuse sweating
• C. hypertension
• D. leg cramps

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Leg cramps are a common complication during hemodialysis due to shifts in fluid and electrolyte levels that occur during the treatment. Confusion (choice A) is not a common complication specifically related to hemodialysis. Profuse sweating (choice B) is not typically associated with hemodialysis complications. Hypertension (choice C) might be a pre-existing condition in some patients but is not a direct common complication of hemodialysis.

2. When a nurse signs a consent form, which ethical principle is being observed regarding the patient?

• A. Autonomy
• B. Justice
• C. Accountability
• D. Beneficence

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Autonomy'. Autonomy refers to the patient's right to make their own decisions, which is being honored when a nurse signs a consent form. While beneficence (Choice D) is an important ethical principle that involves acting in the patient's best interest, it is not what is being primarily observed in this instance. Justice (Choice B) refers to fairness and equal treatment and is not specifically relevant to this scenario. Accountability (Choice C) pertains to being answerable for one's actions and decisions, but again, it is not the principle directly observed in this situation. Therefore, when a nurse signs a consent form, it is the principle of autonomy that is being observed.

3. The nurse understands that malnutrition is a prevalent issue among hospitalized individuals. What is it commonly associated with?

• A. Decreased health care expenses
• B. Elevated blood pressure
• C. Decreased mortality rates
• D. A compromised immune system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Malnutrition is often associated with a weakened immune system. This is because when the body is not sufficiently nourished, it lacks the necessary nutrients to maintain a well-functioning immune system, making patients more vulnerable to infections and other health complications. This can potentially increase mortality rates and prolong hospital stays, contrary to choice C. Choices A and B are incorrect as malnutrition does not lead to decreased health care costs or high blood pressure. In fact, it may increase health care costs due to the potential for increased complications and extended hospital stays.

4. A nurse is developing an education program for a community group about dietary intake of vitamins and minerals in the diet. The nurse should include which of the following foods as sources of vitamin C? (Select the food that does not apply.)

• A. Green pepper
• B. Orange
• C. Cabbage
• D. Milk

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is E: Milk. Milk is not a significant source of vitamin C. Choices A, B, C, and D are all good sources of vitamin C. Green pepper, orange, cabbage, and strawberries contain vitamin C and can be included in the diet to meet the body's need for this essential vitamin. Milk, on the other hand, is not known for its vitamin C content, so it does not apply as a source of this particular vitamin.

5. Which statement about essential nutrients should the nurse include?

• A. Fat-containing foods can help to decrease triglyceride levels.
• B. Animal sources of protein contain 20 essential amino acids.
• C. Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain.
• D. High-fiber foods are a good source of energy.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because carbohydrates are indeed the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain. Choice A is incorrect because while certain fats are essential, they do not help decrease triglyceride levels. Choice B is incorrect because animal sources of protein do not contain all 20 essential amino acids. Choice D is incorrect because although high-fiber foods are important for digestion and overall health, they are not a direct source of energy.

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