Nursing Elites

1. The healthcare professional in the dialysis unit understands that patients may experience various complications during hemodialysis. What describes a common complication during hemodialysis?

• A. confusion
• B. profuse sweating
• C. hypertension
• D. leg cramps

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Leg cramps are a common complication during hemodialysis due to shifts in fluid and electrolyte levels that occur during the treatment. Confusion (choice A) is not a common complication specifically related to hemodialysis. Profuse sweating (choice B) is not typically associated with hemodialysis complications. Hypertension (choice C) might be a pre-existing condition in some patients but is not a direct common complication of hemodialysis.

2. Mang Carlos has a standing DNR order. He then suddenly stopped breathing and you are at his bedside. You would:

• A. Give extraordinary measures to save Mang Carlos
• B. Stay with Mang Carlos and Do nothing
• C. Call the physician
• D. Activate Code Blue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

3. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who has vitamin A deficiency. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend as the best source of vitamin A?

• A. 1 small baked sweet potato
• B. 1 cup avocado
• C. 1 cup green beans
• D. 1 large apple

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Sweet potatoes are rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A, essential for vision and immune function. Avocado (choice B) is a good source of healthy fats but not high in vitamin A. Green beans (choice C) are nutritious but not a significant source of vitamin A. Apples (choice D) are low in vitamin A compared to sweet potatoes.

4. Sergio is brought to Emergency Room after the barbecue grill accident. Based on the assessment of the physician, Sergio sustained superficial partial thickness burns on his trunk, right upper extremities and right lower extremities. His wife asks what that means? Your most accurate response would be:

• A. Structures beneath the skin are damage
• B. Dermis is partially damaged
• C. Epidermis and dermis are both damaged
• D. Epidermis is damaged

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. Studies suggest that leukoplakia is resolved by excess vitamin A (a fat-soluble vitamin), retinoids, and beta-carotene. Leukoplakia is a white plaque that forms on oral mucous membranes.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Both statements are false. Studies suggest that leukoplakia, a white plaque that forms on oral mucous membranes, can be resolved by vitamin A, retinoids, and beta-carotene. Despite the potential to resolve leukoplakia, relapse is common. Also pertinent, evidence does not indicate that any of these nutrients prevent malignant transformation. The extract provided clarifies that leukoplakia is a white plaque, not an erythematous lesion, and that vitamin A, retinoids, and beta-carotene can help resolve it.

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