Nursing Elites

1. The most energy-rich nutrient is:

• A. carb
• B. fat
• C. protein
• D. water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-rich nutrient compared to carbohydrates and proteins, which provide 4 kcal per gram.

2. Age group categories within older adults are classified as 'young old,' 'old,' and 'oldest old,' the latter of which comprises adults aged _____.

• A. 70-80 years
• B. 75-84 years
• C. 80-90 years
• D. 85 years or older

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The 'oldest old' category includes adults aged 85 years or older. This age group faces unique health challenges and requires specialized care. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not fall within the age range specified for the 'oldest old' category.

3. A mother asks about healthy snacks for her three children under 4 years old. All are wise choices the dental hygienist can recommend, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Low-fat milk or yogurt
• B. Whole-grain cereals
• C. Raw vegetable sticks
• D. Nuts and seeds

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Nuts and seeds pose a choking hazard for children under 4 years old, making them an unsafe snack choice for young children. While low-fat milk or yogurt, whole-grain cereals, and raw vegetable sticks are healthy snack options suitable for children under 4 years old, nuts and seeds should be avoided due to the risk of choking, especially in young children who may not have fully developed chewing abilities.

4. Who most often prescribes a patient's diet order?

• A. Registered Nurse
• B. Physician
• C. Registered Dietetic Technician
• D. Occupational Therapist

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A patient's dietary order is most frequently prescribed by a physician. This is because the physician has a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical condition and can thus determine the most suitable dietary plan. Registered dietitians often collaborate with physicians in this process, but the final prescription is made by the physician. Although registered nurses, dietetic technicians, and occupational therapists play significant roles in patient care, they typically do not prescribe diet orders.

5. What sensation is used as a gauge so that patients with ileostomy can determine how often their pouch should be drained?

• A. Sensation of taste
• B. Sensation of pressure
• C. Sensation of smell
• D. Urge to defecate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sensation of pressure. Patients with ileostomy can determine how often their pouch should be drained by feeling the sensation of pressure. This is important as it helps prevent leakage or overflow of the pouch. The sensation of taste (choice A) and smell (choice C) are not typically used as gauges for draining the pouch in ileostomy patients. The urge to defecate (choice D) is not relevant in this context as patients with ileostomy do not pass stool through the rectum.

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