Nursing Elites

1. The most energy-rich nutrient is:

• A. carb
• B. fat
• C. protein
• D. water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-rich nutrient compared to carbohydrates and proteins, which provide 4 kcal per gram.

2. Which of the following has the greatest effect on an increase in body weight?

• A. Carbohydrate intake
• B. Protein intake
• C. Fat intake
• D. Total kilocalories

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Total kilocalories have the greatest effect on body weight as they represent the overall energy intake from all macronutrients combined. While the consumption of specific macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats can affect weight management, the total calories consumed play the most significant role in determining body weight. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they focus on individual macronutrients rather than the overall energy balance provided by total kilocalories.

3. Which type of medication is most likely to induce xerostomia?

• A. Antibiotics
• B. Diuretics
• C. Local anesthetics
• D. Anticholinergics

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Anticholinergics. Anticholinergic medications commonly cause xerostomia by inhibiting saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Antibiotics (choice A) are not typically associated with xerostomia. Diuretics (choice B) increase urine production but do not directly affect saliva production. Local anesthetics (choice C) are used to numb specific areas during dental procedures and do not induce xerostomia.

4. Which systemic disease is best controlled with the DASH diet, monitoring blood pressure, limiting sodium, alcohol, and caffeine, reducing stress, and losing weight?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Diabetes mellitus
• C. Parkinson's disease
• D. Anemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. The DASH diet is specifically designed to control hypertension by reducing sodium intake, managing blood pressure, and promoting overall cardiovascular health. Choice B, Diabetes mellitus, is managed through monitoring blood sugar levels and a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Choice C, Parkinson's disease, is a neurological disorder that is not primarily managed through diet modifications. Choice D, Anemia, is a condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells and is typically managed by addressing the underlying cause and sometimes iron supplementation, not by the methods mentioned in the question.

5. The equal sharing of resources is known as _____.

• A. autonomy
• B. ethics
• C. disclosure
• D. distributive justice

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, distributive justice. Distributive justice involves the fair and equitable distribution of resources among all individuals in society. Option A, autonomy, refers to the right of individuals to make their own decisions. Option B, ethics, pertains to moral principles. Option C, disclosure, refers to the act of making information known.

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