Nursing Elites

1. The most energy-rich nutrient is:

• A. carb
• B. fat
• C. protein
• D. water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-rich nutrient compared to carbohydrates and proteins, which provide 4 kcal per gram.

2. What is the term for a barrier that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum?

• A. Dumping syndrome
• B. Gastritis
• C. Gastric outlet obstruction
• D. Hypochlorhydria

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gastric outlet obstruction refers to a condition where the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is blocked, preventing the normal passage of food. This is why choice 'C' is correct. 'A: Dumping syndrome' is incorrect because it is a condition where stomach contents move too quickly through the small intestine, not a barrier preventing emptying. 'B: Gastritis' is inflammation of the stomach lining, not a blockage of the outlet. 'D: Hypochlorhydria' refers to low stomach acid, which may affect digestion but does not create a physical barrier blocking the outlet of the stomach.

3. What is the approximate energy value of alcohol?

• A. 3 kcal/g
• B. 7 kcal/g
• C. 10 kcal/g
• D. 25 kcal/g

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 7 kcal/g. Alcohol provides approximately 7 kilocalories per gram, making it a significant source of energy or 'empty calories' in the diet that do not contain any nutrients. 'Empty calories' refer to the calorie content without the presence of essential nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The energy values of 3 kcal/g, 10 kcal/g, and 25 kcal/g are not accurate for alcohol; instead, they may pertain to other nutrients such as carbohydrates (approximately 4 kcal/g), fats (approximately 9 kcal/g), and oils (approximately 9 kcal/g).

4. Which food is recommended for someone with lactose intolerance?

• A. Skim milk
• B. Cheese
• C. Lactose-free yogurt
• D. Whole milk

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lactose-free yogurt is suitable for individuals with lactose intolerance as it has reduced lactose content.

5. Without enough calcium, both males and females are at risk of osteoporosis.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is true. Both males and females are at risk of developing osteoporosis if they do not consume enough calcium. Calcium is essential for maintaining strong bones, and inadequate intake can lead to bone density loss and increase the risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals of all genders to ensure they have an adequate calcium intake to support bone health. Choice B is incorrect because osteoporosis is a condition that can affect both males and females.

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