Nursing Elites

1. Which types of diabetes are characterized by the body's cells becoming resistant to insulin? (Select all that apply)

• A. Gestational diabetes
• B. Type II diabetes
• C. Type I diabetes
• D. Both A and B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In both gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin resistance in these types of diabetes prevents glucose from entering the cells, causing it to accumulate in the bloodstream. On the other hand, Type I diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin because the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and B. Choice C, Type I diabetes, is not characterized by insulin resistance but rather by the body's inability to produce insulin. Therefore, it is incorrect. Choice D, Both A and B, includes the correct options of gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, making it the correct answer.

2. Your alertness to both the physical and emotional needs of clients is based on which of the following philosophical frameworks?

• A. There is a basic similarity among human beings.
• B. All behavior has meaning for communicating a message or need.
• C. Human beings are systems of interdependent and interrelated parts.
• D. Each individual has the potential for growth and change in the direction of positive mental health.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

3. The following are all classes of nutrients except:

• A. protein
• B. fat
• C. carbs
• D. phytochemicals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Phytochemicals are not considered a class of nutrients. While proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are essential macronutrients providing energy and structural support, phytochemicals are non-nutrient compounds found in plants that offer various health benefits but are not essential for sustaining life like the other three choices. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

4. Which of the following is a normal change observed in an elderly individual?

• A. Enhanced sense of taste
• B. Increased appetite
• C. Frequent urination
• D. Lens thinning

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, frequent urination. As people age, they may experience physiological changes that can lead to an increased frequency of urination. This is due to a decrease in bladder capacity and increased bladder irritability, which are normal age-related changes. On the contrary, the sense of taste (Choice A) and appetite (Choice B) often decrease with age, not increase. As for Choice D, the lens of the eye actually thickens with age, not thins, leading to conditions like presbyopia. Therefore, Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.

5. A nurse is providing discharge teaching about food choices to a client who has hypokalemia. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as the best source of potassium?

• A. 1 cup grapes
• B. 1 cup shredded lettuce
• C. 1 cup cooked tomatoes
• D. 1 cup apple slices

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cooked tomatoes are high in potassium, which is crucial for maintaining normal cell function, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction, making them a suitable choice for addressing hypokalemia. Grapes, shredded lettuce, and apple slices do not contain as much potassium as cooked tomatoes, so they are not the best choice for addressing hypokalemia.

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