Nursing Elites

1. In comparison to infants born to women of normal weight, infants born to obese women are _____.

• A. less likely to have heart defects
• B. more likely to be of very low birthweight
• C. less likely to experience a complicated birth
• D. more likely to have neural tube defects

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Infants born to obese women are more likely to have neural tube defects compared to infants born to women of normal weight. This increased risk is attributed to factors such as poor maternal nutrition and increased inflammation during pregnancy. Choice A is incorrect because infants born to obese women have a higher risk of heart defects. Choice B is incorrect as infants born to obese women are more likely to have higher birthweights. Choice C is incorrect as obese women are more likely to experience complications during birth.

2. Who most often prescribes a patient's diet order?

• A. Registered Nurse
• B. Physician
• C. Registered Dietetic Technician
• D. Occupational Therapist

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A patient's dietary order is most frequently prescribed by a physician. This is because the physician has a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical condition and can thus determine the most suitable dietary plan. Registered dietitians often collaborate with physicians in this process, but the final prescription is made by the physician. Although registered nurses, dietetic technicians, and occupational therapists play significant roles in patient care, they typically do not prescribe diet orders.

3. Which nutrient deficiency produces microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia?

• A. Zinc
• B. Iron
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A deficiency in iron can lead to various symptoms, such as microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia. Iron-deficiency anemia may be caused by inadequate dietary intake; accelerated demand or losses; and inadequate absorption secondary to diarrhea, decreased acid secretions, or antacid therapy. Iron deficiency is frequently the result of postnatal feeding practices and has a serious impact on growth and mental and psychomotor development in infants and children. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as zinc deficiency typically presents with symptoms like impaired wound healing, taste abnormalities, and hair loss; sodium deficiency can lead to symptoms such as muscle cramps, dizziness, and confusion; and potassium deficiency may cause muscle weakness, fatigue, and abnormal heart rhythms.

4. Nonnutritive sweeteners are not metabolized by microorganisms and do not promote dental caries. Products made with a nonnutritive sweetener can be used as frequently as 8 to 10 times per day.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The first statement is true; nonnutritive sweeteners do not promote caries. However, the second statement is false because products with nonnutritive sweeteners should still be consumed in moderation.

5. Metabolic control is especially important for women with gestational diabetes to ensure the infant does not develop:

• A. microsomia
• B. macrosomia
• C. type 1 diabetes
• D. type 2 diabetes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Metabolic control is crucial for women with gestational diabetes to prevent the development of macrosomia, which is characterized by an abnormally large baby. This condition poses risks such as birth injuries and necessitates careful management of blood sugar levels. Microsomia is not a known term related to this context. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are not conditions the infant would develop as a result of gestational diabetes in the mother.

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