the more alcohol a woman consumes during pregnancy the

ATI RN

Human Growth and Development Final Exam Answers

1. The more alcohol a woman consumes during pregnancy, the __________.

A. higher the birth weight of the child
B. greater the likelihood of ARND instead of FAS or p-FAS
C. poorer the child's achievement scores in the school years
D. greater the child's speed of information processing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'poorer the child's achievement scores in the school years.' Prenatal exposure to alcohol has been linked to a range of cognitive and behavioral difficulties, including lower academic achievement in children. These difficulties may manifest as poor achievement scores in later school years. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because alcohol consumption during pregnancy is not associated with higher birth weight of the child, the likelihood of ARND instead of FAS or p-FAS, or greater speed of information processing in the child.

2. Maryann is pregnant and works in a smoke-filled environment. What can you tell her about passive smoking?

A. The negative effects of smoking are only evident in children born to heavy smokers.
B. Passive smoking is related to low birth weight, infant death, and childhood respiratory illnesses.
C. Smoke-filled environments are harmful to expectant mothers, but not to their unborn children.
D. The effects of passive smoking are not yet known.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Passive smoking, also known as secondhand smoke, can have harmful effects on pregnancies. Research has shown that exposure to smoke-filled environments during pregnancy is linked to low birth weight, infant death, and childhood respiratory illnesses. Pregnant women should avoid exposure to secondhand smoke to protect the health of their unborn babies. Choice A is incorrect because passive smoking affects both the mother and the unborn child, not just children born to heavy smokers. Choice C is incorrect as it underestimates the risks of smoke-filled environments on unborn children. Choice D is incorrect as research has already established the harmful effects of passive smoking on pregnancies.

3. Dr. Redmund characterizes his view of development as a bioecological model. His perspective is aligned with that of which theorist?

A. Jean Piaget
B. Urie Bronfenbrenner
C. Lev Vygotsky
D. Niko Tinbergen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dr. Redmund's view of development aligns with the bioecological model, which is associated with Urie Bronfenbrenner. This model emphasizes the interaction between an individual's biological characteristics and environmental influences in development. Jean Piaget's theory focuses on cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky's theory emphasizes social interactions, and Niko Tinbergen is known for his work in animal behavior and instinct, not human development. Therefore, the correct answer is Urie Bronfenbrenner (Choice B).

4. The embryonic disk __________.

A. becomes the new organism
B. is the outer ring of cells on a blastocyst
C. has a good chance of survival outside the womb
D. is a protective membrane that surrounds the amnion Answer: A Page Ref: 77 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The embryonic disk becomes the new organism. It is a cluster of cells within the blastocyst that will develop into the fetus during the early stages of prenatal development. This cluster of cells is responsible for giving rise to all the tissues and organs of the developing organism.

5. Nonnormative influences are irregular and do not follow a predictable timetable.

A. Nonnormative
B. History-graded
C. Age-graded
D. Bio-historical

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nonnormative. Nonnormative influences are events or experiences that are irregular and unique to the individual, so they do not follow a predictable timetable. These influences can include major life events like winning the lottery or experiencing a natural disaster, and they have a significant impact on a person's development. Choice B, History-graded influences, are events that are common to people of a particular generation due to historical circumstances. Choice C, Age-graded influences, are events that are typical for people of a certain age group. Choice D, Bio-historical, is not a recognized term in developmental psychology.