Nursing Elites

1. It is difficult to isolate the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy because __________.

• A. most drug-using mothers refuse to participate in teratology research
• B. the majority of babies born to drug-using mothers do not survive for more than a few days
• C. most drug-using mothers quit using illegal drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy
• D. drug users often take several drugs, display other high-risk behaviors, and suffer from other stresses

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The difficulty in isolating the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy is due to the fact that drug users often take several drugs, display other high-risk behaviors, and suffer from other stresses. This makes it challenging to identify the specific impact of each individual factor on prenatal development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address the complexity of the situation involving drug users during pregnancy. Most drug-using mothers refusing to participate in teratology research, the majority of babies not surviving, or drug-using mothers quitting during the first trimester do not directly explain the difficulty in isolating the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy.

2. Increasingly, researchers __________.

• A. assume that development stops at adolescence
• B. view old age as a period of decline
• C. view heredity as more influential than the environment
• D. see development as a perpetually ongoing process Answer: D Page Ref: 7 Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Lifespan Perspective: A Balanced Point of View Difficulty Level: Moderate Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 4 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Increasingly, researchers see development as a perpetually ongoing process. This perspective emphasizes that development continues throughout the lifespan, rather than stopping at a particular age like adolescence. Researchers now focus on understanding how individuals change and grow over time, recognizing that development is a lifelong journey influenced by both biological and environmental factors.

3. Adolescent children of mothers who were home-visited as part of the Nurse-Family Partnership __________ than comparison-group agemates.

• A. scored lower in impulsivity and overactivity
• B. had lower academic achievement scores
• C. showed more aggressive behavior
• D. reported less alcohol and drug use

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Adolescent children of mothers who were home-visited as part of the Nurse-Family Partnership reported less alcohol and drug use compared to their comparison-group agemates. This indicates that the program may have a positive impact in reducing risky behaviors among adolescents whose mothers received home visits. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the extract specifically mentions that the children reported less alcohol and drug use, and there is no mention of impulsivity, overactivity, academic achievement scores, or aggressive behavior in this context.

4. The more a mental ability depends on __________ intelligence, the earlier it starts to decline.

• A. fluid
• B. crystallized
• C. emotional
• D. cultural

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: fluid. Fluid intelligence, which involves problem-solving and reasoning, tends to decline earlier than crystallized intelligence. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, involves knowledge and skills acquired over time and is more stable with age. Emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence are not directly related to the decline of mental abilities mentioned in the question, making them incorrect choices.

5. Max, age 65, learned to play the piano at a local senior center. Max demonstrates that __________.

• A. aging is an eventual 'shipwreck'
• B. learning follows a predictable timetable
• C. development is plastic at all ages
• D. musical talent peaks in late adulthood

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Max, age 65, learning to play the piano at a local senior center demonstrates that development is plastic at all ages. This means that individuals have the potential to learn and grow regardless of their age, showing that it is never too late to acquire new skills and experiences. Choice A is incorrect because it presents a negative view of aging, which is not supported by Max's actions. Choice B is incorrect as it implies that learning is restricted to certain age periods, which is contradicted by Max's experience. Choice D is incorrect because Max's learning of the piano at 65 suggests that musical talent can be developed at any age, not necessarily peaking in late adulthood.

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