Nursing Elites

1. __________, especially, are more insistent that __________ conform to gender roles.

• A. Mothers; boys
• B. Mothers; girls
• C. Fathers; girls
• D. Fathers; boys

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Fathers; boys.' The extract provided indicates that fathers are particularly insistent that boys adhere to traditional gender roles, emphasizing masculinity. This is a common stereotype where fathers often push their sons to conform to societal expectations of masculinity. Choices A and B are incorrect because the extract specifies fathers, not mothers. Choice C is incorrect as it pairs fathers with girls, which is not supported by the provided information.

2. When the blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining, __________.

• A. implantation occurs
• B. pregnancy does not occur
• C. it stops growing
• D. the cells of the zygote first duplicate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When the blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining, this process is known as implantation. Implantation is a crucial step in the early stages of pregnancy where the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall in order to receive nourishment and continue developing. Choice B is incorrect because implantation is a necessary step for pregnancy to occur. Choice C is incorrect as implantation marks the beginning of further growth and development. Choice D is incorrect as the duplication of cells occurs during earlier stages of development, not during implantation.

3. As a generation, the baby boomers are __________ than any previous mid- or late-life cohort.

• A. healthier, but less educated
• B. more educated, but less wealthy
• C. more self-focused, but less healthy
• D. healthier, better educated, and financially better off Answer: D Page Ref: 13 Box: CULTURAL INFLUENCES: The Baby Boomers Reshape the Life Course Skill Level: Remember Topic: The Lifespan Perspective: A Balanced Point of View Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The baby boomers are healthier, better educated, and financially better off than any previous mid- or late-life cohort. This generation has generally enjoyed higher levels of education, advancements in healthcare, and increased economic opportunities, leading to improved overall well-being compared to earlier generations.

4. Dr. Dias's research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. Which conclusion is supported by this study?

• A. The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.
• B. The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.
• C. A decline in a surviving partner's physical health can cause the death of a spouse.
• D. A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partner's decline in physical health following the death of a spouse.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dr. Dias's research findings indicate a correlation between the death of a spouse and a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. This correlation suggests a relationship between the two variables, but it does not necessarily imply a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Therefore, the correct conclusion supported by this study is option B - 'The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partner's physical health.' Option A is too direct in its causation claim, which is not proven by correlation alone. Option C reverses the cause and effect relationship suggested by the research. Option D introduces an unrelated third variable, which is not supported by the study's findings.

5. Dr. George predicted that positive reinforcement would increase prosocial behavior in preschoolers. Dr. George's prediction is an example of a __________.

• A. theory
• B. research question
• C. hypothesis
• D. research design

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dr. George's prediction that positive reinforcement would increase prosocial behavior in preschoolers is an example of a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about the relationship between variables based on existing knowledge or theories. In this case, Dr. George is making a prediction about the effect of positive reinforcement on prosocial behavior, which can be tested through research. Choice A, 'theory,' is incorrect because a theory is a broader explanation that integrates a range of findings and observations. Choice B, 'research question,' is incorrect as it refers to an inquiry that asks about the relationship between variables but lacks the specificity and testability of a hypothesis. Choice D, 'research design,' is incorrect as it pertains to the overall strategy or plan for conducting a research study, not the specific prediction Dr. George made.

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