Nursing Elites

1. __________ coping is largely emotion-focused and self-blaming, impulsive, or escapist.

• A. Avoidant
• B. Ineffective
• C. Problem-focused
• D. Flexible

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Avoidant.' Avoidant coping refers to strategies that involve avoiding the problem and focusing more on emotions. This type of coping mechanism can often lead to negative outcomes as individuals may engage in self-blaming, impulsive behaviors, or seek escapist routes rather than addressing the issue directly. Choice B, 'Ineffective,' is a broad term and does not specifically capture the characteristics described in the question. Choice C, 'Problem-focused,' is the opposite of avoidant coping as it involves actively addressing the issue at hand. Choice D, 'Flexible,' does not align with the description provided, as flexibility in coping involves adapting strategies based on the situation, not necessarily being emotion-focused, self-blaming, impulsive, or escapist.

2. Liz is 36 weeks pregnant. A rise in her baby's heart rate is probably followed within five seconds by __________.

• A. a burst of motor activity
• B. a period of sleep
• C. a rise in Liz's heart rate
• D. a drop in Liz's body temperature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A rise in the baby's heart rate during pregnancy is usually followed within five seconds by a burst of motor activity. This indicates that the baby is responding to stimuli and is an important sign of healthy fetal development. A period of sleep, a rise in Liz's heart rate, or a drop in Liz's body temperature are not typically immediate responses to changes in the baby's heart rate. Sleep is less likely to be a direct response to changes in heart rate, Liz's heart rate is independent of the baby's heart rate changes, and a drop in Liz's body temperature is not a common immediate response to fetal heart rate changes.

3. An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two __________ and is drawn into one of two __________.

• A. ovaries; testes
• B. fallopian tubes; ovaries
• C. corpus luteum; fallopian tubes
• D. ovaries; fallopian tubes Answer: D Page Ref: 76 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two ovaries and is drawn into one of two fallopian tubes. This is a correct description of the process of ovulation and fertilization in human reproductive anatomy. The ovaries are responsible for producing and releasing eggs, while the fallopian tubes provide a pathway for the egg to travel to the uterus for potential fertilization.

4. In mammals, including humans, the sense of smell __________.

• A. does not become adultlike for several years
• B. helps mothers and babies identify each other
• C. is the least developed sense at birth
• D. takes about four months to become adultlike

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The sense of smell in mammals, including humans, plays a crucial role in helping mothers and babies identify each other. This is important for initiating bonding and caregiving behaviors. Choice A is incorrect because the sense of smell is functional at birth and not entirely underdeveloped for several years. Choice C is incorrect as the sense of smell is actually well-developed at birth. Choice D is incorrect because the sense of smell is functional from birth and does not take several months to become adultlike.

5. Ecological systems theory views the person as __________.

• A. a blossoming flower whose development is a genetically determined series of events that unfold automatically
• B. developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment
• C. a social being influenced primarily by observational learning or adult modeling
• D. a computer-like system that actively codes, transforms, and organizes information

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ecological systems theory views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment. This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals with their social and physical environment, recognizing that development is influenced by various factors interacting at different levels of the ecological system. Choice A is incorrect because it describes a genetically determined development process, which is not the focus of ecological systems theory. Choice C is incorrect because it highlights observational learning as the primary influence on development, neglecting the broader environmental factors. Choice D is incorrect as it compares the person to a computer system, which does not align with the principles of ecological systems theory.

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