Nursing Elites

1. One of the first steps in community assessment may involve the community health nurse driving or walking through an area and making observations about such things as environmental layout and location of agencies, hospitals, industries, and so forth. This is called a(n):

• A. Census survey.
• B. Needs survey.
• C. Informant survey.
• D. Windshield survey.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A windshield survey involves observations made from a moving vehicle, allowing the community health nurse to gather information about the community's physical and social environment without direct interaction. This method helps in understanding the community's resources, potential hazards, and overall characteristics, which are essential for planning and implementing effective community health interventions.

2. Fee-for-service care is best characterized by which statement:

• A. Fees are scaled based on the patient’s ability to pay and are capped.
• B. Fees reflect the fair market value of health care services being provided.
• C. Adequate fee schedules enable hospitals and clinics to function properly.
• D. Fees are not uniform throughout most states as they are fairly unregulated.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fee-for-service care is a payment model where providers are paid for each service performed, leading to non-uniform fees that vary by service and provider. This system is not highly regulated, resulting in differing fee structures across states and regions. Therefore, the statement that 'Fees are not uniform throughout most states as they are fairly unregulated' best characterizes fee-for-service care.

3. What is a common challenge in community health nursing?

• A. Limited resources
• B. High patient caseloads
• C. Cultural barriers
• D. Changing health behaviors

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Limited resources are a common challenge in community health nursing as they can impact the ability to deliver comprehensive care. This challenge can include financial constraints, lack of supplies, and inadequate staffing levels, all of which can hinder the provision of effective healthcare services to the community.

4. Which is an example of a secondary prevention strategy?

• A. Administering immunizations to prevent disease
• B. Conducting health screenings to detect early signs of disease
• C. Providing rehabilitation services to prevent complications
• D. Educating the public about healthy lifestyle choices

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Conducting health screenings to detect early signs of disease is an example of secondary prevention. This strategy focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of a disease or health issue. By identifying potential health problems at an early stage, individuals can receive timely treatment and management, thereby reducing the risk of complications and improving health outcomes.

5. Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (D.O.T.S.) can do all of the following except:

• A. Stop resistance to anti-TB drugs
• B. Cure TB patients
• C. Require hospitalization
• D. Prevent new infection among children and adults

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (D.O.T.S.) is an effective strategy for treating tuberculosis (TB) that involves ensuring patients receive and complete their medication regimen under observation. DOTS aims to cure TB patients, stop resistance to anti-TB drugs, and prevent new infections among children and adults. One of the key advantages of DOTS is that it does not require hospitalization, allowing patients to receive treatment in their communities. Therefore, the statement that DOTS requires hospitalization is incorrect, making option C the correct answer.

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