Nursing Elites

1. Nurse DMLM is correct in identifying the correct sequence of events during abdominal assessment if she identifies which of the following?

• A. Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation
• B. Inspection, Percussion, Palpation, Auscultation
• C. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
• D. Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Percussion

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct sequence for abdominal assessment is Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation. Start with Inspection to observe any visible abnormalities, followed by Auscultation to listen for bowel sounds, then Percussion to assess the density of underlying structures, and finally Palpation to feel for any tenderness or masses. Choices A, B, and C have the incorrect sequence of assessment techniques.

2. Systemic disease often manifests in the oral cavity first. Disease within the oral cavity can cause systemic complications.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. Systemic diseases can often present with oral manifestations before other systemic signs appear. Additionally, oral diseases can have systemic implications by affecting a person's overall health, such as through inflammation or compromised nutrient intake. Choice B is incorrect because both statements are true, as supported by medical literature. Choice C is incorrect because the second statement is also true. Choice D is incorrect because the first statement is true.

3. Weight loss therapies that rely on juicing typically provide increased fiber, vitamins, and minerals. As an added incentive, juices contain a lower concentration of sugar than the whole fruit. Are these statements true or false?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is both statements are false. The process of juicing often extracts the liquid components of fruits and vegetables, leaving behind the fiber-rich pulp. Therefore, juicing does not typically provide increased fiber. Additionally, juices can contain a higher concentration of sugar than whole fruits because the fiber, which helps to slow down the absorption of sugar, has been removed. This can lead to a spike in blood sugar levels after consumption. The other options are incorrect because they contain at least one false statement.

4. Which group is least susceptible to insufficient intake of protein?

• A. The elderly
• B. Individuals with low income
• C. Adults participating in endurance exercise
• D. Patients who are chronically ill

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Adults who participate in endurance exercise are typically more aware of their nutritional needs and have higher protein intake compared to other groups. The rationale behind why the other choices are incorrect is as follows: A: The elderly are often at a higher risk of insufficient protein intake due to various factors such as reduced appetite, dental issues, and decreased muscle mass. B: Individuals with low income may struggle to afford protein-rich foods, making them more susceptible to insufficient protein intake. D: Patients who are chronically ill may have specific dietary restrictions or challenges that can lead to inadequate protein consumption.

5. For a client with metabolic syndrome, which dietary change is most beneficial?

• A. Increase intake of refined sugars
• B. Decrease intake of trans fats
• C. Increase intake of red meat
• D. Decrease intake of whole grains

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Decreasing trans fats helps manage metabolic syndrome by improving lipid profiles.

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