Nursing Elites

1. Newborn Mariana, who reacts strongly to unpleasant stimuli, is __________.

• A. probably easy to console
• B. susceptible to colic
• C. likely to spend less time in REM sleep
• D. unlikely to respond to swaddling

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Newborn Mariana, who reacts strongly to unpleasant stimuli, is described as susceptible to colic. Colic is often characterized by excessive crying and fussiness in newborn babies, which can be challenging to console. This description suggests that Mariana's strong reactions to unpleasant stimuli may make her more prone to colic. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the strong reactions to unpleasant stimuli do not imply being easy to console, affect REM sleep, or responsiveness to swaddling.

2. In egalitarian marriages, __________.

• A. there is a clear division of roles
• B. partners share power and authority
• C. the husband is the head of the household
• D. the wife is responsible for family economic well-being

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In egalitarian marriages, the correct answer is B - partners share power and authority. This type of marriage promotes equality and balance, where both spouses have an equal say in decision-making and share responsibilities. Choice A is incorrect because egalitarian marriages aim to reduce traditional role divisions. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a patriarchal structure, which is contrary to the principles of egalitarianism. Choice D is incorrect as it assigns a specific financial role based on gender, which goes against the idea of equal sharing in all aspects of the marriage.

3. __________ children are at risk for poor school performance, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior in adolescence and criminality in adulthood.

• A. Average
• B. Controversial
• C. Rejected
• D. Popular

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rejected children often face social difficulties that lead to negative outcomes later in life, including academic and behavioral problems. The term 'rejected' specifically refers to children who are socially excluded or shunned by their peers, leading to the mentioned negative consequences. 'Average,' 'Controversial,' and 'Popular' do not convey the same meaning and are not related to the risks mentioned in the question.

4. Most cognitive aging research has focused on intellectual ________.

• A. stability
• B. gains
• C. competence
• D. deficits

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: deficits.' Most cognitive aging research has indeed focused on deficits rather than stability, gains, or competence. Studies have consistently shown that deficits in processing speed and memory are common in aging individuals, making it a primary area of interest in research. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cognitive aging research primarily aims to understand and address deficits associated with aging rather than focusing on stability, gains, or overall competence.

5. What did John Bowlby believe?

• A. Adults and more expert peers help children master culturally meaningful activities.
• B. The infant-caregiver bond has lifelong consequences for human relationships.
• C. Parents and infants are both instinctively attached to each other.
• D. Attachment patterns are difficult to study in humans.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: John Bowlby believed that the infant-caregiver bond has lifelong consequences for human relationships. This is supported by his theory of attachment, where he emphasized the importance of early attachment experiences in shaping individuals' future relationships. Choice A is incorrect as it does not reflect Bowlby's main focus on attachment theory. Choice C is incorrect as Bowlby's theory suggests that attachment is more than just instinctual. Choice D is also incorrect as Bowlby's work actually paved the way for the study of attachment patterns in humans.

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