Nursing Elites

1. Loss of smell results in a condition that limits the capacity to detect the flavor of food and beverages, called:

• A. hypergeusia
• B. dysgeusia
• C. anosmia
• D. phantom taste

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: anosmia. Anosmia refers to the loss of smell, which significantly affects the ability to detect flavors. Hypergeusia and dysgeusia, choices A and B, refer to heightened or distorted taste, respectively. 'Phantom taste' in choice D is not the correct term for the condition described in the question.

2. Transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another person occurs:

• A. Most frequently in nurses with needlesticks
• B. Only if there is a large viral load in the blood
• C. Most commonly as a result of sexual contact
• D. In all infants born to women with HIV infection

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. A client with stomatitis is receiving teaching from a nurse. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. "I will drink liquids through a straw."?
• B. "I will season foods with dried spices before cooking."?
• C. "I will rinse my mouth with baking soda and water frequently."?
• D. "I will eat frozen bananas as a snack."?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is, "I will rinse my mouth with baking soda and water frequently."? Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining in the mouth, and rinsing with baking soda and water can be too abrasive and further irritate the condition. Choices A, B, and D are appropriate self-care measures for a client with stomatitis and do not indicate a need for further teaching.

4. A client who is postoperative following a liver transplant and weighs 65 kg. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

• A. Keep the client NPO for the first week postoperative.
• B. Limit caloric content once the client resumes eating.
• C. Stress the importance of safe food-handling practices.
• D. Decrease foods high in carbohydrates once the client resumes eating.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: After a liver transplant, it is crucial to stress the importance of safe food-handling practices to prevent foodborne illnesses, especially due to the client's altered immune system. Keeping the client NPO for the first week postoperative is not recommended as early nutrition support is essential for recovery. Limiting caloric content once the client resumes eating may not be appropriate as they need adequate nutrition for healing. Decreasing foods high in carbohydrates without a specific indication may lead to inadequate nutrient intake, which is not ideal for the client's recovery.

5. Tony is to be discharged in the afternoon of the same day after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. You, as the RN, will make sure that the family knows to:

• A. offer pureed foods
• B. offer soft foods for a week to minimize discomfort while swallowing
• C. supplement his diet with Vitamin C-rich foods to enhance healing
• D. offer clear liquids for 3 days to prevent irritation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: After tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, it is crucial to provide soft foods for a week to minimize discomfort while swallowing. This helps prevent irritation to the surgical site and allows for easier healing. Offering pureed foods (Choice A) may not be necessary as soft foods are usually sufficient. While Vitamin C is beneficial for healing, it is not necessary to supplement it immediately after surgery with Vitamin C-rich juices (Choice C). Clear liquids are typically recommended before surgery and not after, as the focus shifts to soft foods to aid in recovery, making Choice D incorrect.

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