Nursing Elites

1. Loss of smell results in a condition that limits the capacity to detect the flavor of food and beverages, called:

• A. hypergeusia
• B. dysgeusia
• C. anosmia
• D. phantom taste

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: anosmia. Anosmia refers to the loss of smell, which significantly affects the ability to detect flavors. Hypergeusia and dysgeusia, choices A and B, refer to heightened or distorted taste, respectively. 'Phantom taste' in choice D is not the correct term for the condition described in the question.

2. In the following ingredient list, which is the most abundant by weight? Ingredients: enriched flour, sugars, eggs, soy lecithin, artificial colors, natural flavors, milk.

• A. milk
• B. eggs
• C. sugar
• D. enriched flour

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'enriched flour.' In ingredient lists, items are typically listed by weight in descending order. Therefore, the first ingredient, in this case, 'enriched flour,' is the most abundant by weight. Choice A, 'milk,' is not the most abundant as it appears last in the list. Choice B, 'eggs,' and choice C, 'sugar,' also rank lower in the list compared to 'enriched flour,' making them less abundant by weight.

3. A healthcare professional is preparing an education program for a group of parents of adolescents. Which of the following should be included as indicators of nutritional risk among adolescents? (Select one that does not apply.)

• A. Skipping more than three meals per week
• B. Eating fast food once weekly
• C. Eating without family supervision frequently
• D. Frequently skipping breakfast

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Among the indicators of nutritional risk among adolescents, skipping meals, eating without family supervision, and frequently skipping breakfast are commonly associated with poor nutrition. However, eating fast food once weekly may not necessarily indicate a significant nutritional risk, as occasional consumption of fast food in moderation is not uncommon among adolescents. This choice is the correct answer because it does not strongly correlate with nutritional risk compared to the other options provided.

4. A client is experiencing sleep disturbances and desires to decrease caffeine intake. Which of the following beverages should the nurse recommend?

• A. Lemon-lime soda
• B. Brewed iced tea
• C. Diet cola
• D. Chocolate milk

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The nurse should recommend brewed iced tea as it generally contains less caffeine compared to other choices. Lemon-lime soda, diet cola, and chocolate milk all contain caffeine, which can contribute to sleep disturbances. Lemon-lime soda and diet cola are carbonated beverages that typically contain caffeine unless specified as caffeine-free. Chocolate milk also contains caffeine due to the cocoa content. Therefore, brewed iced tea is the most suitable choice to reduce caffeine intake and improve sleep quality.

5. How do foods or supplements containing significant amounts of plant sterols help lower LDL cholesterol levels?

• A. reducing cholesterol synthesis
• B. suppressing inflammation
• C. reducing blood clotting
• D. interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plant sterols interfere with cholesterol and bile absorption in the intestines. This interference helps lower LDL cholesterol levels by reducing the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because plant sterols primarily work by interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption, not by reducing cholesterol synthesis, suppressing inflammation, or reducing blood clotting.

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