Nursing Elites

1. One of the most common factors that compromise the vitamin D status of older adults, particularly those living in assisted living communities is _____.

• A. decreased intake of fruits and vegetables
• B. lack of physical activity
• C. malabsorption due to atrophic gastritis
• D. lack of exposure to sunlight

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: lack of exposure to sunlight.' Older adults, especially those in assisted living communities, are at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to spending most of their time indoors, which reduces their exposure to sunlight. Sunlight is essential for the body to produce vitamin D. Choices A, B, and C are less likely to be major factors in compromising vitamin D status. While a decreased intake of fruits and vegetables and lack of physical activity can impact overall health, they are not as directly related to vitamin D status. Malabsorption due to atrophic gastritis may affect the absorption of certain nutrients, but vitamin D synthesis primarily depends on sunlight exposure.

2. What are the potential consequences of damage to the stomach?

• A. Reduced digestion of carbohydrates
• B. Inability to produce or secrete bile
• C. Inability to produce or secrete gastric acid
• D. Increased ability to produce or secrete intrinsic factor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Damage to the stomach can lead to a reduced ability to produce gastric acid (Choice C) and intrinsic factor, the latter of which is crucial for vitamin B12 absorption (Choice D). That's why these two choices are correct. The stomach doesn't play a direct role in the digestion of carbohydrates (Choice A) as this process primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of pancreatic enzymes. Similarly, bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not the stomach, hence stomach damage wouldn't lead to an inability to produce or secrete bile (Choice B).

3. Which of the following foods is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids?

• A. Salmon
• B. Chicken
• C. Spinach
• D. Eggs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Salmon is the correct answer as it is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA and DHA, which are known to be beneficial for heart health. Chicken, spinach, and eggs do not contain significant levels of omega-3 fatty acids compared to salmon. While eggs do contain some omega-3s, the amount is considerably lower than what is found in fatty fish like salmon.

4. During nutritional counseling, what is the most important step to take?

• A. Consult the patient's family
• B. Formulate a sample diet plan before presenting it to the patient
• C. Include members of the dental team in the dietary formulation
• D. Include the patient in the formulation of the dietary plan

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During nutritional counseling, the most important step is to include the patient in the formulation of the dietary plan. This ensures their active involvement, understanding, and commitment to the plan, leading to better compliance and success in achieving nutritional goals. Consulting the patient's family (Choice A) may be helpful but should not replace involving the patient directly. Formulating a sample diet plan before presenting it to the patient (Choice B) may not align with the patient's preferences or needs. Including members of the dental team in the dietary formulation (Choice C) may not be necessary unless specific dental concerns need to be addressed.

5. Which type of bread, cereal, or pasta would most likely be recommended for a patient on a fat-restricted diet?

• A. popcorn
• B. fried rice
• C. English muffins
• D. granola

Correct answer: C

Rationale: English muffins would be the most suitable option for a patient on a fat-restricted diet. They are typically lower in fat compared to fried rice, granola, and popcorn with butter. Popcorn, fried rice, and granola are higher in fat content and may not be the best choice for individuals on a fat-restricted diet.

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