Nursing Elites

1. How can resilience impact the likelihood of developing a mental disorder?

• A. Resilience has no impact on mental health outcomes.
• B. Resilience can help individuals overcome significant stressors.
• C. Resilience is irrelevant to mental health.
• D. Resilience is the sole factor that determines mental health outcomes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Resilience plays a crucial role in mental health outcomes by enabling individuals to navigate and overcome stressors effectively, thus reducing the probability of developing mental disorders. Choice A is incorrect as resilience does have a positive impact on mental health. Choice C is incorrect as resilience is highly relevant to mental health outcomes. Choice D is incorrect because while resilience is important, it is not the only factor influencing mental health.

2. Albert has brown eyes, even though one of his biological parents has blue eyes. Genes for blue eyes are part of Albert's ___.

• A. Phenotype
• B. Zygote
• C. Genotype
• D. Environment

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Albert's genotype refers to the genetic makeup inherited from his parents, which includes the genes for blue eyes. The phenotype, on the other hand, is the observable trait, in this case, brown eyes. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A (Phenotype) is incorrect as it refers to the observable characteristics, not the genetic information. Choice B (Zygote) is incorrect as it refers to the initial stage of a developing organism. Choice D (Environment) is incorrect as it does not directly determine eye color.

3. Who founded functionalism?

• A. John Watson.
• B. Sigmund Freud.
• C. William James.
• D. Wilhelm Wundt.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: William James is credited with founding functionalism, which emphasizes the adaptive purpose of consciousness. John Watson is associated with behaviorism, not functionalism. Sigmund Freud is known for psychoanalysis, and Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of modern psychology and structuralism, not functionalism.

4. Which of the following explanations for the relationship between SES and abnormal behavior is not supported by the existing data?

• A. Low SES may cause abnormal behavior.
• B. Abnormal behavior is more likely to go untreated in those of low SES.
• C. Recovery from loss of a job may be more difficult for those exhibiting signs of mental illness.
• D. High SES may cause abnormal behavior.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because high SES as a cause for abnormal behavior is not supported by existing data. Abnormal behavior is often associated with factors like stress, trauma, genetics, or environmental influences. High SES is not a known cause of abnormal behavior. Choices A, B, and C are more plausible explanations: Low SES may lead to limited access to mental health care, untreated abnormal behavior due to financial constraints, and difficulties in coping with mental health issues after job loss, respectively.

5. To overcome her fear of balloons due to the loud sound they might make when popping, Bella must sit in a room filled with balloons while the therapist pops each one. After a while, Bella realizes that her fear is unjustified and even begins to pop balloons herself. This technique is known as?

• A. Systematic desensitization
• B. Aversion therapy
• C. Flooding
• D. Extinction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Flooding. Flooding is an exposure therapy technique where a person is exposed to their fear at full intensity until the fear subsides. In this scenario, Bella is exposed to her fear of balloons in a controlled environment until she realizes her fear is unjustified. Choice A, Systematic desensitization, involves gradual exposure to the fear stimulus paired with relaxation techniques. Choice B, Aversion therapy, aims to create a negative association with a stimulus to reduce unwanted behavior. Choice D, Extinction, refers to the gradual decrease in the strength or frequency of a conditioned response.

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