Nursing Elites

1. Freud's view of mental disorders was that they were a result of ________.

• A. unresolved conflicts between the id, the ego, and the superego.
• B. genetic abnormalities that influence people's ability to cope with their environment.
• C. problematic tendencies we develop while dealing with our early interpersonal environments.
• D. learned maladaptive behaviors that were rewarded with attention.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Freud believed that mental disorders were a result of unresolved conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. This concept is central to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, where conflicts between these three components of personality lead to psychological distress. Choice B is incorrect because Freud focused more on unconscious conflicts rather than genetic abnormalities. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to later psychodynamic theories rather than Freud's specific view. Choice D is incorrect as Freud's perspective does not emphasize learned behaviors as the primary cause of mental disorders.

2. A model of understanding mental illnesses that attempts to integrate the contributions of many different types of actors is called the ________ viewpoint.

• A. biopsychosocial
• B. sociocultural
• C. Gestalt
• D. neuroscience

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: biopsychosocial. The biopsychosocial viewpoint considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental illnesses. This model recognizes that mental health and illness are influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Choice B, sociocultural, focuses more on societal and cultural influences on mental health, while Choice C, Gestalt, relates to holistic psychology. Choice D, neuroscience, emphasizes the role of the nervous system and brain in mental processes, but it does not encompass the broader integration of biological, psychological, and social aspects seen in the biopsychosocial viewpoint.

3. Which disorder is characterized by a pattern of behavior that involves culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with relative strangers?

• A. Schizoid personality disorder
• B. Autism spectrum disorder
• C. Reactive attachment disorder
• D. Disinhibited social engagement disorder

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Disinhibited social engagement disorder is the correct answer because it is characterized by a pattern of behavior involving culturally inappropriate and overly familiar behavior with relative strangers. This disorder is marked by a lack of social boundaries and caution when interacting with unfamiliar individuals. Schizoid personality disorder (Choice A) is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, Autism spectrum disorder (Choice B) involves challenges with social interactions and communication, and Reactive attachment disorder (Choice C) is typically associated with difficulty forming emotional bonds with caregivers, not with overly familiar behavior with strangers.

4. Elliot became widowed after nearly 40 years of marriage. He has convinced himself that no one will ever love him again. His irrational thinking has caused him to suffer from depression, and he rarely leaves his house. What perspective might best explain his behavior?

• A. Psychodynamic
• B. Behavioral
• C. Biological
• D. Cognitive

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The cognitive perspective might best explain Elliot's irrational thinking and resulting depression. In this case, Elliot's belief that he will never be loved again is a cognitive distortion, leading to depressive symptoms and social withdrawal. The psychodynamic perspective primarily focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts from the past, which do not directly address Elliot's current cognitive distortions. The behavioral perspective would focus on observable behaviors and how they are reinforced, which is not the central issue in this scenario. The biological perspective would examine the role of genetics, brain chemistry, and other physiological factors, which are not the primary cause of Elliot's behavior in this context.

5. Which of the following explanations for the relationship between SES and abnormal behavior is not supported by the existing data?

• A. Low SES may cause abnormal behavior.
• B. Abnormal behavior is more likely to go untreated in those of low SES.
• C. Recovery from loss of a job may be more difficult for those exhibiting signs of mental illness.
• D. High SES may cause abnormal behavior.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because high SES as a cause for abnormal behavior is not supported by existing data. Abnormal behavior is often associated with factors like stress, trauma, genetics, or environmental influences. High SES is not a known cause of abnormal behavior. Choices A, B, and C are more plausible explanations: Low SES may lead to limited access to mental health care, untreated abnormal behavior due to financial constraints, and difficulties in coping with mental health issues after job loss, respectively.

Similar Questions