Nursing Elites

1. For a patient with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), which dietary advice is most appropriate?

• A. Increase spicy foods
• B. Avoid fatty foods
• C. Increase citrus fruits
• D. Reduce water intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Avoiding fatty foods can help reduce the symptoms of GERD.

2. The nurse is caring for a client taking warfarin. Which meal brought in by the client's family is a priority to remove before the client eats it?

• A. Oriental cabbage salad with chicken
• B. Beef enchilada, rice, and beans
• C. Ham and cheese sandwich
• D. Macaroni salad and grapefruit slices

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Ham is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with warfarin. Vitamin K can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin, an anticoagulant medication. Choices A, B, and D do not contain high levels of vitamin K and are less likely to interfere with the client's warfarin therapy.

3. Why does Anita stand in front of the mirror while performing a Breast Self-Examination (BSE)?

• A. To check for unusual discharges from the breast
• B. To check for any obvious malignancy
• C. To observe the size and contour of the breast
• D. To check for thickness and lumps in the breast

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When performing a Breast Self-Examination (BSE), one of the reasons for standing in front of a mirror is to observe the size and contour of the breast (Choice C). This helps in identifying any visible changes or abnormalities such as dimpling, puckering, or changes in the size and shape of the breasts. While unusual discharges (Choice A) and thickness or lumps (Choice D) can be part of the changes a person might notice during a BSE, these are typically identified by palpation or by squeezing the nipple for discharge, not by just looking in the mirror. Choice B, checking for obvious malignancy, is too vague and not specific enough as malignancy is often not visible to the naked eye.

4. Which team member works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and then teaches the client how to use the device?

• A. dietitian
• B. speech-language pathologist
• C. dietetic technician
• D. occupational therapist

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An occupational therapist is the team member who works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and teaches the client how to use them. Occupational therapists specialize in helping individuals with physical or cognitive impairments to perform daily activities. In this scenario, the need for special feeding devices may be due to impaired motor function or disability, making the occupational therapist the correct choice. The other options, dietitian, speech-language pathologist, and dietetic technician, do not typically specialize in evaluating the need for feeding devices or teaching clients how to use them.

5. A client is being taught about following a low-cholesterol diet after coronary artery bypass grafting. Which of the following food choices reflects the client's understanding of these dietary instructions?

• A. Liver
• B. Milk
• C. BEANS
• D. Eggs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choosing beans as a food option indicates that the client understands the low-cholesterol diet instructions. Beans are a good source of fiber and plant-based protein, which can help lower cholesterol levels. On the other hand, liver and eggs are high in cholesterol and should be limited in a low-cholesterol diet. Milk, especially whole milk, can also be high in saturated fats and cholesterol, so it is not the best choice for a low-cholesterol diet.

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