for a patient with gerd gastroesophageal reflux disease which dietary advice is most appropriate

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Practice A

1. For a patient with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), which dietary advice is most appropriate?

A. Increase spicy foods
B. Avoid fatty foods
C. Increase citrus fruits
D. Reduce water intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Avoiding fatty foods can help reduce the symptoms of GERD.

2. What is a major feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for the treatment of high blood cholesterol?

A. Avoiding all foods that contain cholesterol
B. Reducing sodium intake to less than 2 g/day
C. Limiting total fat intake to less than 30% of energy intake
D. Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake.' This is a central feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for treating high blood cholesterol. Saturated fats can increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a significant risk factor for heart disease. Choice A is incorrect because while it is recommended to limit cholesterol intake, it's not suggested to avoid all foods containing cholesterol entirely in the TLC. Choice B is also incorrect as although reducing sodium intake is beneficial for controlling blood pressure, it's not specifically targeted in the TLC for managing high cholesterol. Lastly, while limiting total fat intake is a healthy guideline, it's not as specific or effective as limiting saturated fat intake, making choice C also incorrect.

3. How do foods or supplements containing significant amounts of plant sterols help lower LDL cholesterol levels?

A. reducing cholesterol synthesis
B. suppressing inflammation
C. reducing blood clotting
D. interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plant sterols interfere with cholesterol and bile absorption in the intestines. This interference helps lower LDL cholesterol levels by reducing the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because plant sterols primarily work by interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption, not by reducing cholesterol synthesis, suppressing inflammation, or reducing blood clotting.

4. Which physiologic role does vitamin C play in the body?

A. Transcribing DNA to RNA
B. Absorption and regulation of calcium
C. Protects integrity of cellular membranes
D. Catalyst for synthesis of blood-clotting factors

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in protecting the integrity of cellular membranes. It is essential for collagen synthesis, which is important for wound healing and maintaining skin, blood vessels, and other tissues. Choice A is incorrect as the transcription of DNA to RNA is facilitated by vitamin A. Choice B is incorrect as calcium absorption and regulation are functions of vitamin D. Choice D is incorrect as vitamin K serves as a catalyst for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors, not vitamin C.

5. In conducting a cleansing enema, how does the nurse position the client?

A. Right lateral position
B. Left lateral position
C. Right Sim's position
D. Left Sim's position

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In preparing a patient for a cleansing enema, the nurse typically positions the patient in the left lateral position. This position allows for the best flow of the solution due to the anatomical configuration of the colon. The right lateral position, right Sim's position, and left Sim's position are not typically used for this procedure. The rationale provided initially is incorrect as it pertains to lung expansion and postural drainage, which are not relevant to a cleansing enema procedure.