when performing endotracheal suctioning the nurse applies suctioning while withdrawing and gently rotating the catheter 360 degrees for which of the f

ATI RN

Nutrition ATI Test

1. When performing endotracheal suctioning, the nurse applies suctioning while withdrawing and gently rotating the catheter 360 degrees for which of the following time periods?

A. 10-15 seconds
B. 30-35 seconds
C. 20-25 seconds
D. 0-5 seconds

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During endotracheal suctioning, the nurse should apply suctioning while withdrawing and gently rotating the catheter 360 degrees for a short period of 0-5 seconds. This brief duration helps minimize the risk of hypoxia and trauma to the airway. Choices A, B, and C suggest longer time periods for suctioning, which can increase the risk of complications such as hypoxia, mucosal damage, and the removal of excess amounts of airway secretions.

2. What type of drug is lamivudine, used for the management of HIV infection?

A. CCR5 antagonist
B. fusion inhibitor
C. nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
D. protease inhibitor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lamivudine belongs to the class of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), making choice C the correct answer. NRTIs like lamivudine work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, an essential component for the HIV virus to replicate. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because lamivudine does not function as a CCR5 antagonist, fusion inhibitor, or protease inhibitor in the management of HIV infection.

3. Select all that apply. Which of the following are true about protein digestion?

A. the end products of protein digestion are amino acids
B. protein/polypeptides are digested in the large intestine by trypsin
C. A, D
D. protein/polypeptides are digested in the stomach by pepsin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the enzyme pepsin, which breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides. The end products of protein digestion are amino acids.

4. Which is NOT a prudent recommendation for a menopausal patient?

A. Supplement calcium and vitamin D slightly beyond upper intake level
B. Encourage lean protein and regular exercise
C. Avoid alcohol if xerostomia is present
D. Consumption of 90 mg daily of isoflavones in soy products helps to increase bone mass

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Excessive supplementation of calcium and vitamin D beyond the upper intake level is not recommended unless under medical supervision, as it can cause adverse health effects.

5. Each of the following nutrients provides energy except one. Which one is the exception?

A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Fats
D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vitamins. While proteins, carbohydrates, and fats provide energy, vitamins do not. Vitamins are essential micronutrients that help regulate various biochemical processes in the body, such as metabolism and immunity. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that the body uses as a source of energy.