Nursing Elites

1. Electrolytes create _____, which is caused by water following electrolytes within or between cells.

• A. energy
• B. active transport
• C. passive diffusion
• D. osmotic pressure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Osmotic pressure is the force that drives water movement across cell membranes due to the presence of electrolytes, helping to balance fluid levels in the body. Choice A, 'energy,' is incorrect as electrolytes do not directly create energy. Choice B, 'active transport,' refers to the movement of molecules across a cell membrane requiring energy, not the movement of water. Choice C, 'passive diffusion,' is the process by which substances move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, not related to the movement of water following electrolytes.

2. Ms. ANA had a car accident where he lost her boyfriend. As a result, she became passive and submissive. The nurse knows that the type of crisis Ms. ANA is experiencing is:

• A. Developmental crisis
• B. Maturational crisis
• C. Situational crisis
• D. Social Crisis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

3. During times of staff and financial shortage, which method is the best and most effective?

• A. Functional Method
• B. Primary Nursing
• C. Team Nursing
• D. Modular Method

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During times of staff and financial shortage, the Modular Method is considered the best and most effective. This method allows for flexibility and adaptability in assigning tasks and responsibilities, making it easier to cope with limited resources. Functional Method (Choice A) focuses on the division of labor based on each staff member's skills, which may not be the most efficient during shortages. Primary Nursing (Choice B) and Team Nursing (Choice C) may require a more significant number of staff, making them less suitable during shortages.

4. What describes a criterion used to diagnose diabetes?

• A. a plasma glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or higher after a fast of at least 12 hours
• B. a casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms
• C. a plasma glucose concentration measured two hours after a 200-gram glucose load is 400 mg/dL or higher
• D. a HbA1C higher than 5 percent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. This choice aligns with the typical clinical presentation of diabetes and is a key diagnostic indicator. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the established criteria for diagnosing diabetes, making them incorrect. Choice A pertains to a fasting plasma glucose level, Choice C involves a glucose challenge test, and Choice D refers to HbA1C levels, which are used for monitoring blood sugar control over time, not for diagnosing diabetes.

5. Larry, 55 years old, who is suspected of having colorectal cancer, is admitted to the CI. After taking the history and vital signs the physician does which test as a screening test for colorectal cancer.

• A. Barium enema
• B. Carcinoembryonic antigen
• C. Annual digital rectal examination
• D. Proctosigmoidoscopy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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