Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following nutrients does not provide energy?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that provide energy in the form of calories when consumed and metabolized by the body. Each gram of protein or carbohydrate provides about 4 calories, and each gram of fat provides about 9 calories. On the other hand, vitamins do not provide energy or calories. They are micronutrients that are essential for various biochemical and physiological processes in the body, including the metabolism of macronutrients. However, they do not contribute directly to the energy supply. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Vitamins'. Choices A, B, and C (Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats) are incorrect because they are macronutrients that do provide energy/calories when metabolized.

2. What symptom would most likely be associated with late dumping syndrome?

• A. abdominal cramps
• B. nausea
• C. diarrhea
• D. confusion

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Confusion is the most likely symptom associated with late dumping syndrome. Late dumping syndrome occurs when blood sugar levels drop rapidly after eating due to rapid gastric emptying. While abdominal cramps, nausea, and diarrhea can occur with dumping syndrome, confusion is specifically linked to late dumping syndrome due to hypoglycemia.

3. A nurse in a prenatal clinic is educating a client about expected changes during pregnancy. The nurse should instruct the client about which change during pregnancy is related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract?

• A. Diarrhea
• B. Constipation
• C. Decreased absorption of iron
• D. Decreased absorption of calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During pregnancy, the hormonal changes can lead to the slowing down of the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation. This occurs due to increased progesterone levels, which relax smooth muscles, including those in the intestines, leading to slower bowel movements. Diarrhea is not typically associated with the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. While there may be changes in the absorption of nutrients like iron and calcium, they are not directly related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract.

4. What side effect is commonly associated with ECT?

• A. Transient loss of memory, confusion, and disorientation
• B. Nausea and vomiting
• C. Fractures
• D. Hypertension and increased heart rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, as Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is commonly associated with side effects such as transient loss of memory, confusion, and disorientation. While nausea and vomiting (Choice B) can occur, they are not as common as the memory-related side effects. Fractures (Choice C) are unlikely unless a mishap occurs during the procedure. Hypertension and increased heart rate (Choice D) might occur during the procedure due to the physiological stress of the treatment, but these are not the most commonly associated side effects. The rationale provided did not effectively explain this, so it's important to note that ECT is a procedure often used for severe depression and other mental illnesses, and understanding its side effects is crucial for patient safety and effective care.

5. A client has a small-bore jejunostomy and is receiving a continuous tube feeding with a high-viscosity formula. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the tubing from clogging?

• A. Replace the bag and tubing every 24 hours
• B. Flush the tubing with 10 mL water every 6 hours
• C. Administer the feeding by gravity drip
• D. Heat the formula prior to infusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To prevent clogging when using high-viscosity formulas in a small-bore jejunostomy, the nurse should flush the tubing with 10 mL of water every 6 hours. This action helps maintain tube patency and prevent blockages. Replacing the bag and tubing every 24 hours (Choice A) is unnecessary and does not specifically address preventing clogging. Administering the feeding by gravity drip (Choice C) or heating the formula prior to infusion (Choice D) are not effective interventions for preventing tubing clogging.

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