Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following nutrients does not provide energy?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that provide energy in the form of calories when consumed and metabolized by the body. Each gram of protein or carbohydrate provides about 4 calories, and each gram of fat provides about 9 calories. On the other hand, vitamins do not provide energy or calories. They are micronutrients that are essential for various biochemical and physiological processes in the body, including the metabolism of macronutrients. However, they do not contribute directly to the energy supply. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Vitamins'. Choices A, B, and C (Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats) are incorrect because they are macronutrients that do provide energy/calories when metabolized.

2. Which types of lipids must be listed on the food label? Select all that apply.

• A. Total fat
• B. Saturated fat
• C. Trans fat
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D. All of the above'. This is because, according to regulations, food labels must include the information on total fat, saturated fat, and trans fat. These types of fats are crucial for consumers to monitor, as they can significantly affect heart health. Choices A, B, and C are all correct, but they are only parts of the total information that must be provided. Therefore, the most comprehensive answer is 'D. All of the above'.

3. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing in a patient post-surgery?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Protein
• C. Iron
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and wound healing.

4. When observing a return demonstration of a colostomy irrigation, you know that more teaching is required if pt:

• A. Lubricates the tip of the catheter prior to inserting into the stoma
• B. Hangs the irrigating bag on the bathroom door cloth hook during fluid insertion
• C. Discontinues the insertion of fluid after only 500 ml of fluid has been instilled
• D. Clamps of the flow of fluid when felling uncomfortable

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

5. Which vitamin's recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is significantly increased during pregnancy?

• A. Folate
• B. Thiamine (B1)
• C. Riboflavin (B2)
• D. Niacin (B3)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Folate. During pregnancy, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for folate is significantly increased to support fetal development and prevent neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. Folate plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell growth, making it essential for the rapidly dividing cells of the developing fetus. Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), and Niacin (B3) are important vitamins, but their RDAs do not undergo as significant an increase during pregnancy as folate's RDA does.

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