Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following nutrients does not provide energy?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that provide energy in the form of calories when consumed and metabolized by the body. Each gram of protein or carbohydrate provides about 4 calories, and each gram of fat provides about 9 calories. On the other hand, vitamins do not provide energy or calories. They are micronutrients that are essential for various biochemical and physiological processes in the body, including the metabolism of macronutrients. However, they do not contribute directly to the energy supply. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Vitamins'. Choices A, B, and C (Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats) are incorrect because they are macronutrients that do provide energy/calories when metabolized.

2. A client with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease is being taught about diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Increase intake of dietary phosphorus.
• B. Eliminate foods high in protein from your diet.
• C. Reduce intake of foods high in potassium.
• D. Increase intake of sodium-containing foods.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease, reducing intake of foods high in potassium is crucial as impaired kidney function can lead to potassium buildup in the blood, which can be dangerous. High potassium levels can cause irregular heartbeats and even cardiac arrest. Therefore, advising the client to reduce potassium-rich foods is essential to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing dietary phosphorus, eliminating foods high in protein, or increasing sodium-containing foods are not appropriate recommendations for a client with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease as they can exacerbate the condition.

3. If it is determined that a child is being physically abused by a parent, what would be the most important goal for the nurse to establish with the family?

• A. The child and any siblings will reside in a secure environment
• B. The family will feel at ease in their relationship with the counselor
• C. The family will gain insight into their abusive behavior patterns
• D. The mother will learn to apply verbal discipline with her children

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary objective when dealing with cases of child abuse is to ensure the safety of the child and any siblings. This means creating a secure environment free from harm, which is why choice 'A' is the correct answer. While choices 'B', 'C', and 'D' might be subsequent steps in a comprehensive plan to deal with the situation, they are not the immediate priority. Understanding abusive behavioral patterns or improving the relationship with the counselor will not directly lead to the child's safety. Likewise, teaching the mother to apply verbal discipline doesn't guarantee the child's safety if the abusive behavior continues. Therefore, these options are not the most important initial goal.

4. When taking a blood pressure reading, where should the cuff be positioned?

• A. The cuff should be deflated fully before immediately starting a second reading for the same patient
• B. The cuff should be deflated quickly after being inflated to 180 mmHg
• C. The cuff should be large enough to wrap around the upper arm of the adult patient, positioned 1 cm above the brachial artery
• D. The cuff should be inflated to 30 mmHg above the estimated systolic BP based on palpation of the radial or brachial artery

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When measuring blood pressure, the cuff should be inflated to 30 mmHg above the estimated systolic blood pressure based on palpation of the radial or brachial artery. This ensures an accurate blood pressure measurement. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Deflating the cuff fully before starting a second reading (Choice A) does not directly relate to the position of the cuff during a reading. Deflating the cuff quickly after inflating to 180 mmHg (Choice B) is not recommended because it can potentially lead to inaccurate readings. While ensuring the cuff is large enough to wrap around the upper arm positioned 1 cm above the brachial artery is important (Choice C), this alone does not guarantee an accurate blood pressure reading. The correct inflation based on palpation is the key element for accuracy, which is why Choice D is correct.

5. What are the potential consequences of damage to the stomach?

• A. Reduced digestion of carbohydrates
• B. Inability to produce or secrete bile
• C. Inability to produce or secrete gastric acid
• D. Increased ability to produce or secrete intrinsic factor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Damage to the stomach can lead to a reduced ability to produce gastric acid (Choice C) and intrinsic factor, the latter of which is crucial for vitamin B12 absorption (Choice D). That's why these two choices are correct. The stomach doesn't play a direct role in the digestion of carbohydrates (Choice A) as this process primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of pancreatic enzymes. Similarly, bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not the stomach, hence stomach damage wouldn't lead to an inability to produce or secrete bile (Choice B).

Similar Questions