Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following nutrients does not provide energy?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that provide energy in the form of calories when consumed and metabolized by the body. Each gram of protein or carbohydrate provides about 4 calories, and each gram of fat provides about 9 calories. On the other hand, vitamins do not provide energy or calories. They are micronutrients that are essential for various biochemical and physiological processes in the body, including the metabolism of macronutrients. However, they do not contribute directly to the energy supply. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Vitamins'. Choices A, B, and C (Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats) are incorrect because they are macronutrients that do provide energy/calories when metabolized.

2. Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of:

• A. fiber
• B. sodium
• C. cholesterol
• D. saturated fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of sodium. This restriction is crucial to prevent fluid retention, which can exacerbate the condition. While fiber is generally beneficial for heart health, sodium restriction is more critical in this scenario. Cholesterol and saturated fat intake should also be monitored, but sodium restriction takes precedence due to its direct impact on fluid balance.

3. Mario listens to Richard’s bilateral sounds and finds that congestion is in the upper lobes of the lungs. The appropriate position to drain the anterior and posterior apical segments of the lungs when Mario does percussion would be:

• A. Client lying on his back then flat on his abdomen on Trendelenburg position
• B. Client seated upright in bed or on a chair then leaning forward in sitting position then flat on his back and on his
• C. Client lying flat on his back and then flat on his abdomen
• D. Client lying on his right then left side on Trendelenburg position

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Proper patient positioning is essential for maximizing lung expansion and promoting the drainage of secretions. Postural drainage techniques rely on gravity to help clear different lung segments, which is critical in preventing complications such as atelectasis or pneumonia in immobilized patients.

4. Which food is most likely to be included in a low-fiber diet?

• A. Broccoli
• B. Ripe Bananas
• C. Onions
• D. Whole-Grain Bread

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A low-fiber diet is generally recommended for individuals who need to restrict their intake of dietary fiber for health reasons. Ripe bananas are low in fiber and easy to digest, making them an ideal choice for a low-fiber diet. On the other hand, broccoli, onions, and whole-grain bread are high in fiber. Therefore, they are less suitable for a low-fiber diet as they could cause digestive discomfort or exacerbate certain health conditions. Ripe bananas, being low in fiber, are the most appropriate choice for a low-fiber diet.

5. Select all that apply. You are interested in learning about the effect of eating diet soft drinks on your health. Your internet search leads you to a website with the ending .com, which tells you that diet soft drinks contain sugar alcohols that can cause harm. Which of the following actions are logical?

• A. notice if there are any ads on the page that suggest conflicts of interest
• B. read about consuming diet soft drinks in the dietary guidelines for Americans
• C. visit a more credible website and compare information
• D. all of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Logical steps include evaluating the credibility of the website, reading official guidelines, comparing information from credible sources, and verifying the author's qualifications.

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