Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following nutrients does not provide energy?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that provide energy in the form of calories when consumed and metabolized by the body. Each gram of protein or carbohydrate provides about 4 calories, and each gram of fat provides about 9 calories. On the other hand, vitamins do not provide energy or calories. They are micronutrients that are essential for various biochemical and physiological processes in the body, including the metabolism of macronutrients. However, they do not contribute directly to the energy supply. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Vitamins'. Choices A, B, and C (Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats) are incorrect because they are macronutrients that do provide energy/calories when metabolized.

2. A nurse is planning care for a client who reports increasing difficulty swallowing food. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to take?

• A. Turn on the client’s television during meals.
• B. Place the client into a semi-reclining position for meals.
• C. Encourage the client to rest prior to mealtimes.
• D. Encourage the client to use a straw when drinking liquids.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the client to rest prior to mealtimes. This intervention can help reduce fatigue and improve the ability to swallow. Turning on the client’s television during meals (choice A) may distract the client but does not directly address the swallowing issue. Placing the client into a semi-reclining position for meals (choice B) can help with swallowing difficulties, but resting before meals is more beneficial. Encouraging the client to use a straw when drinking liquids (choice D) is not the priority intervention for swallowing difficulties in this scenario.

3. The term associated with loss of taste is:

• A. Xerostomia
• B. Hypogeusia
• C. Dysphagia
• D. Anosmia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Hypogeusia.' Hypogeusia refers to a diminished sense of taste, which can impact nutritional intake, especially in older adults. Xerostomia (choice A) is dry mouth, Dysphagia (choice C) is difficulty swallowing, and Anosmia (choice D) is the loss of the sense of smell. These conditions are different from loss of taste, making them incorrect choices for this question.

4. The two members of the health care team who work closely to monitor drug-nutrient interactions are the:

• A. physician and nurse
• B. physician and pharmacist
• C. nurse and clinical dietitian
• D. clinical dietitian and pharmacist

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: clinical dietitian and pharmacist. Clinical dietitians and pharmacists work closely together to monitor and manage drug-nutrient interactions. While physicians and nurses play essential roles in patient care, they are not typically the primary professionals involved in monitoring drug-nutrient interactions. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

5. The provision of health information in the rural areas nationwide through television and radio programs and video conferencing is referred to as:

• A. Community health program
• B. Telehealth program
• C. Wellness program
• D. Red Cross program

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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