Nursing Elites

1. A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks a nurse for a sweetener recommendation. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make?

• A. Corn syrup
• B. Natural honey
• C. Nonnutritive sugar substitute
• D. Guava nectar

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus looking for a sweetener is a nonnutritive sugar substitute. Nonnutritive sugar substitutes do not significantly affect blood glucose levels, making them a suitable option for individuals with diabetes. Corn syrup and natural honey are high in sugar and can lead to spikes in blood glucose levels, which is not ideal for someone with diabetes. Guava nectar, while natural, is also high in sugar content and not recommended for individuals with diabetes.

2. Which vitamin is essential for proper blood clotting?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin E
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin C

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin K is vital for the synthesis of clotting factors, which are necessary for proper blood clotting. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and skin health, not blood clotting. Vitamin E (Choice B) is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage but is not directly involved in blood clotting. Vitamin C (Choice D) is essential for collagen synthesis and a healthy immune system, but it does not play a direct role in blood clotting.

3. The nurse’s most unique tool in working with the emotionally ill client is his/her

• A. theoretical knowledge
• B. personality make up
• C. emotional reactions
• D. communication skills

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

4. Medication for treating high blood cholesterol levels should not be used for most people unless:

• A. The patient has at least three major risk factors for coronary heart disease
• B. The patient has been experiencing symptoms of coronary heart disease for at least three months
• C. The patient's medical insurance covers prescription drugs
• D. Treatment with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) alone is unsuccessful after three months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is choice D because medication for high cholesterol is typically not considered unless Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC), which include diet and exercise, have not proven effective after a three-month period. This approach ensures that lifestyle modifications are given a fair chance to lower cholesterol levels before resorting to medication. Choice A is incorrect because the number of risk factors for coronary heart disease does not dictate when to begin medication; it is about the effectiveness of lifestyle changes. Choice B is incorrect as the duration of coronary heart disease symptoms does not determine when to start medication; the focus is on the response to TLC. Choice C is incorrect because the coverage of prescription drugs by the patient's insurance does not influence the medical decision to use medication for high cholesterol; it is based on medical necessity and effectiveness of prior interventions.

5. A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant about introducing solid foods. The nurse should recommend that which of the following foods be introduced first?

• A. Strained fruits
• B. Pureed meats
• C. Cooked egg whites
• D. Iron-fortified cereal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When introducing solid foods to infants, it is recommended to start with iron-fortified cereal as it is easily digestible and a good source of iron, an important nutrient for infants around 6 months of age. Strained fruits are usually introduced later due to their natural sugars. Pureed meats can be introduced after iron-fortified cereals to provide additional protein and iron. Cooked egg whites should be avoided until the infant is at least one year old to reduce the risk of allergies.

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