Nursing Elites

1. What is the first step in the scientific method?

• A. Conduct an experiment
• B. Make an observation and ask a question
• C. Formulate a hypothesis
• D. Reach a consensus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The first step in the scientific method is to make an observation and ask a question. This is because the scientific method is a systematic process of investigation that begins with observing a phenomenon or asking a question about it. This is followed by formulating a hypothesis (Choice C), designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis (Choice A), and analyzing the results to reach a consensus or conclusion (Choice D). Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they represent steps that occur after the initial observation and question.

2. Which foods are the biggest contributors of saturated fats consumed by Americans?

• A. Butter, coconut, and palm oils
• B. Corn oil
• C. Meat and milk
• D. Cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken. These foods are significant contributors to the intake of saturated fats in the American diet, often found in processed and fast foods. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while butter, coconut, and palm oils (A) are sources of saturated fats, they are not the biggest contributors in the American diet. Corn oil (B) is a source of unsaturated fats, and meat and milk (C) contain saturated fats but are not the primary contributors compared to cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken.

3. During times of staff and financial shortage, which method is the best and most effective?

• A. Functional Method
• B. Primary Nursing
• C. Team Nursing
• D. Modular Method

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During times of staff and financial shortage, the Modular Method is considered the best and most effective. This method allows for flexibility and adaptability in assigning tasks and responsibilities, making it easier to cope with limited resources. Functional Method (Choice A) focuses on the division of labor based on each staff member's skills, which may not be the most efficient during shortages. Primary Nursing (Choice B) and Team Nursing (Choice C) may require a more significant number of staff, making them less suitable during shortages.

4. Which of the following are examples of mechanical digestion? Select all that apply.

• A. Heat
• B. Segmentation
• C. Option B and D
• D. Peristalsis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Mechanical digestion involves physical movements that break down food in the digestive tract. Segmentation (choice B) and peristalsis (choice D), which are both movements of the muscles in the digestive tract, are examples of this type of digestion. Heat (choice A), on the other hand, is related to chemical digestion, not mechanical digestion. Therefore, choice C (Option B and D) is the correct answer as it includes both examples of mechanical digestion provided in the choices. Choices A and D are incorrect because heat (choice A) is not a mechanical digestion process, and peristalsis (choice D) is a movement that helps propel food along the digestive tract but is not directly involved in breaking down food physically.

5. The dietary guidelines for Americans recommend consuming:

• A. nutrient dense foods
• B. non-essential amino acids
• C. energy dense foods
• D. organically grown foods

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The guidelines emphasize nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients without excessive calories, sugars, or unhealthy fats.

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