the first step in the scientific method is to

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Practice A

1. What is the first step in the scientific method?

A. Conduct an experiment
B. Make an observation and ask a question
C. Formulate a hypothesis
D. Reach a consensus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The first step in the scientific method is to make an observation and ask a question. This is because the scientific method is a systematic process of investigation that begins with observing a phenomenon or asking a question about it. This is followed by formulating a hypothesis (Choice C), designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis (Choice A), and analyzing the results to reach a consensus or conclusion (Choice D). Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they represent steps that occur after the initial observation and question.

2. In which type of shock does the patient experience a mismatch of blood flow to the cells?

A. Distributive
B. Cardiogenic
C. Hypovolemic
D. Septic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by a widespread increase in vascular permeability leading to a relative hypovolemia and a mismatch of blood flow to the cells. Choice B, Cardiogenic shock, is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choice C, Hypovolemic shock, results from a decrease in intravascular volume. Choice D, Septic shock, is caused by a systemic response to infection.

3. Which of the following provides the least amount of potassium?

A. broccoli
B. potatoes
C. bananas
D. cheese

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cheese provides less potassium compared to broccoli, potatoes, and bananas, which are all rich in this essential mineral.

4. A nurse is teaching a client about strategies to prevent constipation. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. Drinking four to five glasses of water per day will prevent constipation.
B. I should consume mineral oil once per day.
C. Eating foods high in fiber will make elimination easier.
D. I can skip a meal if I feel bloated.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Eating foods high in fiber increases stool bulk and promotes easier elimination, thus preventing constipation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Drinking water is important, but the emphasis should be on high-fiber foods. Mineral oil is not a recommended first-line treatment for constipation, and skipping meals can disrupt regular bowel movements, potentially leading to constipation.

5. A nurse is providing MyPlate education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which plate chosen by the client indicates the teaching was effective, according to the MyPlate guidelines?

A. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrate foods, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with fruits and vegetables
B. 1/2 of the plate is filled with protein foods, 1/4 filled with carbohydrates, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
C. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrates, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
D. 1/2 of the plate is filled with non-starchy vegetables, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with carbohydrate foods

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This option reflects the MyPlate guidelines for managing diabetes effectively. In diabetes management, it is essential to focus on non-starchy vegetables, appropriate protein portions, and controlled carbohydrate intake. Option A places too much emphasis on carbohydrates, which may not be suitable for diabetes. Option B swaps the proportions of protein and carbohydrates, which is not in line with the recommended distribution. Option C places too much emphasis on carbohydrates and lacks the emphasis on non-starchy vegetables, making it less suitable for diabetes management.