the first step in the scientific method is to

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Practice A

1. What is the first step in the scientific method?

A. Conduct an experiment
B. Make an observation and ask a question
C. Formulate a hypothesis
D. Reach a consensus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The first step in the scientific method is to make an observation and ask a question. This is because the scientific method is a systematic process of investigation that begins with observing a phenomenon or asking a question about it. This is followed by formulating a hypothesis (Choice C), designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis (Choice A), and analyzing the results to reach a consensus or conclusion (Choice D). Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they represent steps that occur after the initial observation and question.

2. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to be associated with increased risk of macular degeneration?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect eye health and prevent macular degeneration.

3. A nurse is providing teaching to a group of parents of newborns who are planning to formula feed. Which of the following statements by a parent indicates a need for further teaching?

A. "I will give formula to my baby at room temperature."
B. "I will ensure my baby's feeds last 10 to 15 minutes."
C. "I will burp my baby halfway through each feeding."
D. "I will watch for signs my baby is full and stop the feeding."

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is, "I will ensure my baby's feeds last 10 to 15 minutes." This statement indicates a need for further teaching because it suggests a strict time limit for feedings, which may not be appropriate for a newborn. Newborns should be allowed to feed as long as they want, typically around 20-30 minutes per breast if breastfeeding, or on-demand with formula. Choices A, C, and D demonstrate proper feeding practices such as feeding at room temperature, burping halfway through each feeding, and watching for signs of fullness to stop the feeding, which are all appropriate responses by a parent of a formula-fed newborn.

4. What are the contraindications for using MI Paste?

A. Children under six
B. Individuals with a milk casein allergy
C. Pregnant women
D. Both A and B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: MI Paste is contraindicated in children under six and in individuals with a milk casein allergy. The reason is that MI Paste contains casein phosphopeptide, which is derived from milk. Therefore, it may cause allergic reactions in those who are sensitive to milk proteins. Pregnant women (Choice C) are not contraindicated for using MI Paste unless they have a known allergy to milk casein. Hence, the correct answer is 'D: Both A and B'.

5. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition and eating foods high in iron. The nurse should include that which of the following aids in the absorption of iron?

A. Fiber
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin C
D. Oxalates

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron by enhancing the body's ability to absorb non-heme iron, which is found in plant-based foods. This vitamin helps convert iron into a form that is more easily absorbed in the intestines. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because fiber, Vitamin A, and oxalates can actually inhibit the absorption of iron. Fiber can bind to iron and reduce its absorption, Vitamin A does not directly enhance iron absorption, and oxalates found in some foods like spinach and rhubarb can also hinder iron absorption.