Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is completing an admission assessment on an adolescent client who is vegan. Which breakfast item should the nurse recommend as a protein combination with their diet restriction?

• A. Bagel with cream cheese
• B. Wheat toast with jelly
• C. Oatmeal pancakes with peanut butter
• D. Eggs with tofu bacon

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oatmeal pancakes with peanut butter. For a vegan client, it is important to recommend plant-based protein sources. Oatmeal pancakes with peanut butter offer a good protein combination that aligns with their dietary restriction. Choices A, B, and D are not suitable as they all contain animal-derived products, which are not suitable for a vegan diet.

2. While evaluating the meal choices of a client with major depressive disorder and a prescription of Phenelzine, which of the following selections should the nurse identify as appropriate?

• A. Cheddar cheese
• B. Smoked salmon
• C. Strawberry yogurt
• D. Pepperoni pizza

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Strawberry yogurt.' This choice is appropriate because it does not contain high levels of tyramine, which can lead to a dangerous interaction with Phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Tyramine-rich foods, like aged cheeses (such as cheddar cheese) and cured meats (like smoked salmon and pepperoni), should be avoided by individuals taking Phenelzine to prevent hypertensive crisis. Strawberry yogurt is a safer option for the client in this scenario.

3. Compared to the typical American diet, what does the DASH diet provide more of?

• A. More saturated fats
• B. Fewer whole grains
• C. More fruits and vegetables
• D. Fewer dairy products

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The DASH diet, which stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, emphasizes the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are high in potassium, fiber, and antioxidants. These nutrients help lower blood pressure. Therefore, compared to the typical American diet, the DASH diet provides more fruits and vegetables. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The DASH diet doesn't focus on providing more saturated fats or fewer whole grains or dairy products. In fact, it encourages the consumption of whole grains and low-fat dairy products to promote a balanced and healthy diet.

4. In responding to the care concerns of children with severe disease, referral to the hospital is of the essence especially if the child manifests which of the following?

• A. Wheezing
• B. Stop feeding well
• C. Fast breathing
• D. Difficulty to awaken

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

5. What describes a common physical change of aging that can affect an older adult's nutrition?

• A. reduced salivary output
• B. increased gastrointestinal motility
• C. abnormal cortisol production
• D. increase in number of taste buds

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Reduced salivary output is a common physical change in aging. This can affect an older adult's nutrition by impacting chewing, swallowing, and taste perception. The decrease in saliva production can make it harder to chew and swallow food effectively, affecting the overall eating experience. Additionally, saliva plays a role in taste perception, so a reduction in salivary output can lead to alterations in how food tastes, potentially impacting an individual's appetite and food choices. Increased gastrointestinal motility (choice B) is not typically associated with aging and would not directly affect nutrition. Abnormal cortisol production (choice C) is related to hormonal changes and is not a common physical change of aging that affects nutrition. An increase in the number of taste buds (choice D) is not a typical change associated with aging and would not have a significant impact on an older adult's nutrition.

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