Nursing Elites

1. Each of the following is a form of vitamin K, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Phylloquinone
• B. Tocopherol
• C. Menaquinone
• D. Menadione

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tocopherol, Choice B, is not a form of vitamin K; it is another name for vitamin E. Phylloquinone (Choice A), menaquinone (Choice C), and menadione (Choice D) are all forms of vitamin K. Phylloquinone is vitamin K1 found in green plants, menaquinone is vitamin K2 produced in the large intestine and found in animal tissues, and menadione is a synthetic form of vitamin K. Therefore, Choice B is the correct answer because it does not belong to the vitamin K group, unlike the other options.

2. The nurse interprets the statement “Bow down before me! I am the holy mother of Christ! I am the blessed Virgin Mary!” as important in documenting in which of the following areas of mental status examination?

• A. Thought content
• B. Mood
• C. Affect
• D. Attitude

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. After bronchoscopy, the nurse's priority is to check which of the following before feeding?

• A. Gag reflex
• B. Wearing off of anesthesia
• C. Swallowing reflex
• D. Peristalsis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: After a bronchoscopy procedure, the nurse's priority is to check the patient's gag reflex before allowing them to eat to prevent aspiration. The gag reflex helps protect the airway by triggering a cough or gag response if something touches the back of the throat. This is crucial to ensure that the patient can protect their airway and prevent food or fluids from entering the lungs, especially when the throat may be sensitive or compromised post-bronchoscopy. Checking for the wearing off of anesthesia, swallowing reflex, or peristalsis are important assessments but not the immediate priority before feeding in this context.

4. Which two dietary components may help decrease blood cholesterol levels?

• A. Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber
• B. Short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber
• C. Trans fatty acids and potassium
• D. Cis fatty acids and calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to reduce triglycerides, while soluble fiber helps to lower LDL cholesterol levels. Both of these components are beneficial in managing blood cholesterol levels. Choice B, short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber, is incorrect as they do not have the same cholesterol-lowering effects as omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Choice C, trans fatty acids and potassium, is incorrect as trans fatty acids can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. Choice D, cis fatty acids and calcium, is incorrect as cis fatty acids are common in natural fats and do not specifically help in reducing blood cholesterol levels.

5. A nurse is providing teaching about formula feeding to the parents of an infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Formula that remains in the bottle should not be used for one more feeding.
• B. Formula should be changed to whole milk when the infant is 12 months old.
• C. If the infant is gaining weight too rapidly, do not dilute the formula.
• D. If the infant turns away after taking most of the feeding, stop the feeding.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: If the infant turns away after taking most of the feeding, it indicates they are full, and continuing to feed may lead to overfeeding. Choice A is incorrect because it is not safe to use formula that remains in the bottle for another feeding due to the risk of bacterial contamination. Choice B is incorrect as whole milk should be introduced after the infant is 12 months old, not 9 months old. Choice C is incorrect as diluting formula can compromise the infant's nutrition and should not be done without healthcare provider guidance.

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