Nursing Elites

1. What is the most likely demonstration of cardiac cachexia?

• A. Decreased physical activity
• B. Weight loss and tissue wasting
• C. Poor urine output and tissue edema
• D. Cardiac arrhythmia and wet lung sounds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac cachexia is a condition characterized by severe weight loss and tissue wasting. This typically occurs in patients suffering from heart failure due to an increased energy expenditure and reduced appetite, which is why choice B is the correct answer. The other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the symptoms of cardiac cachexia. Decreased physical activity (choice A) can be a result of many conditions, not specifically cardiac cachexia. Poor urine output and tissue edema (choice C) are more indicative of kidney problems rather than cardiac cachexia. Finally, cardiac arrhythmia and wet lung sounds (choice D) are symptoms related to other cardiac conditions, not specifically to cardiac cachexia.

2. Mr. Bruno asks what the “normal” allowable salt intake is. Your best response to Mr. Bruno is:

• A. 1 tsp of salt/day with iodine and sprinkle of MSG
• B. 5 gms per day or 1 tsp of table salt/day
• C. 1 tbsp of salt/day with some patis and toyo
• D. 1 tsp of salt/day but no patis and toyo

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. A nurse is teaching a client about preparing low-fat meals. The nurse should include that which of the following oils contains saturated fat?

• A. Corn
• B. Olive
• C. Canola
• D. Coconut

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Coconut oil contains a high amount of saturated fat, which can increase LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of heart disease. Olive, corn, and canola oils are primarily unsaturated fats, which are considered heart-healthy fats. Olive oil, in particular, is rich in monounsaturated fats, while corn and canola oils are good sources of polyunsaturated fats. Therefore, the correct answer is Coconut because it contains saturated fat, unlike the other options.

4. Which of the following foods or beverages would offer the most nutrients per calorie?

• A. chicken
• B. wine
• C. white bread
• D. broccoli

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Broccoli is indeed the correct answer. Broccoli is considered nutrient-dense, meaning it provides a significant amount of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber while being relatively low in calories. On the other hand, choices A, B, and C are not as nutrient-dense as broccoli. Chicken can be nutritious but may vary in nutrient content depending on the cut and preparation method. Wine, although containing antioxidants like resveratrol, is not a significant source of essential nutrients. White bread is often low in nutrients and fiber compared to whole grain options, making it less nutrient-dense than broccoli.

5. The component that should receive the highest priority before physical examination is the:

• A. Psychological preparation of the client
• B. Physical Preparation of the client
• C. Preparation of the Environment
• D. Preparation of the Equipments

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

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