Nursing Elites

1. An elderly man is hospitalized with a diagnosis of malnutrition three months following his wife's death. What risk factor for malnutrition does this scenario illustrate?

• A. A history of chronic illness
• B. Depression or social isolation
• C. Age
• D. Impaired mobility

Correct answer: B

Rationale: This scenario illustrates depression or social isolation as a risk factor for malnutrition. After the death of his wife, the elderly man may have experienced depression or social isolation, which can lead to decreased food intake and poor nutritional status. Although age, chronic illness, and impaired mobility can also contribute to malnutrition, they are not the primary factors described in this scenario. The history of chronic illness (Choice A) and impaired mobility (Choice D) were not mentioned in the scenario, and while age (Choice C) is a factor, it's not the main factor depicted in this case.

2. The nurse is assessing a client with a new diagnosis of Listeria food poisoning. What action should the nurse take first?

• A. Educate the client on safe food practices.
• B. Start a traceback to identify the source of the outbreak.
• C. Report the case to the county board of health.
• D. Ask the client if they have consumed any unpasteurized products.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse to take when assessing a client with a new diagnosis of Listeria food poisoning is to inquire if the client has consumed any unpasteurized products. This is crucial because Listeria contamination is often associated with unpasteurized dairy products and undercooked meats. Educating the client on safe food practices (Choice A) is important but not the priority at this initial assessment stage. Starting a traceback to identify the source of the outbreak (Choice B) and reporting the case to the county board of health (Choice C) are necessary actions but should come after gathering information directly from the client regarding potential exposure to high-risk foods.

3. Which of the following nutrients provide energy?(Select ONE that does not apply.)

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Fats
• C. Protein
• D. Water

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the three macronutrients that provide energy (calories) to the body. Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy, fats act as a secondary source when carbohydrate energy is exhausted, and proteins are used for energy when carbohydrate and fat sources are low. Choice D, Water, is essential for the body's functions, but it does not provide energy.

4. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition. The nurse should include that which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein?

• A. Soybeans
• B. Grains
• C. Legumes
• D. Green vegetables

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Soybeans are a good source of high-quality protein. They contain all the essential amino acids needed by the body. Grains, legumes, and green vegetables do not provide as much high-quality protein as soybeans. Grains and legumes are good sources of protein but may lack some essential amino acids, while green vegetables generally have lower protein content compared to soybeans.

5. A client is being taught by a nurse about adding more fiber to the diet. Which of the following foods has the highest fiber content?

• A. 1 cup cooked sweet potato
• B. 1 slice rye toast
• C. 1 cup raw watermelon
• D. 1 oz cashews

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 1 oz of cashews. Cashews have a higher fiber content compared to sweet potato, rye toast, and watermelon. While sweet potatoes and rye toast contain fiber, cashews have a higher concentration, making them a better choice for increasing fiber intake. Watermelon, on the other hand, is low in fiber compared to the other options provided.

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