Nursing Elites

1. A patient who reports stomach ulcers should avoid all the following foods, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Proteins
• B. Caffeine
• C. Calcium
• D. Wheat

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Patients with stomach ulcers are advised to avoid foods that can increase stomach acid levels, such as caffeine, proteins, and calcium. Wheat, on the other hand, is generally well-tolerated by individuals with ulcers as it does not stimulate gastric secretions. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A (Proteins), B (Caffeine), and C (Calcium) are not recommended for patients with stomach ulcers due to their potential to exacerbate symptoms.

2. Can soluble fibers be fermented by gut bacteria?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Soluble fibers can indeed be fermented by gut bacteria in the large intestine, leading to the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids. This fermentation process is important for gut health and provides various health benefits. Therefore, the statement is true. Choice B is incorrect as it contradicts the known scientific fact that soluble fibers can be broken down by gut bacteria through fermentation.

3. What is a major feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for the treatment of high blood cholesterol?

• A. Avoiding all foods that contain cholesterol
• B. Reducing sodium intake to less than 2 g/day
• C. Limiting total fat intake to less than 30% of energy intake
• D. Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake.' This is a central feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for treating high blood cholesterol. Saturated fats can increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a significant risk factor for heart disease. Choice A is incorrect because while it is recommended to limit cholesterol intake, it's not suggested to avoid all foods containing cholesterol entirely in the TLC. Choice B is also incorrect as although reducing sodium intake is beneficial for controlling blood pressure, it's not specifically targeted in the TLC for managing high cholesterol. Lastly, while limiting total fat intake is a healthy guideline, it's not as specific or effective as limiting saturated fat intake, making choice C also incorrect.

4. Discharge plans of diabetic clients include injection site rotation. You should emphasize that the space between sites should be:

• A. 6.0 cm.
• B. 5.0 cm.
• C. 2.5 cm.
• D. 4.0 cm.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

5. Each statement regarding the correlation between vitamin D and sun exposure is accurate, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. The body can produce sufficient amounts of vitamin D from sunlight.
• B. UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3 by penetrating uncovered skin.
• C. Sunscreen blocks the formation of vitamin D3.
• D. By the age of 70 years, the skin generally produces vitamin D at only half the level it did at the age of 20 years.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While UV radiation can penetrate uncovered skin and convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, sunscreen does block the formation of vitamin D3. Sunscreen is recommended by dermatologists to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of skin cancer. The other choices are correct: the body can produce sufficient vitamin D from sunlight, UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, and skin generally produces less vitamin D as a person ages.

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