Nursing Elites

1. A patient is prescribed medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) for the treatment of endometriosis. What should the nurse teach the patient about the use of this medication?

• A. Medroxyprogesterone should be taken with food to prevent nausea.
• B. Medroxyprogesterone can be taken intermittently when symptoms worsen.
• C. Medroxyprogesterone should be taken at the same time each day to maintain consistent hormone levels.
• D. Medroxyprogesterone should be discontinued if side effects occur.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Medroxyprogesterone should be taken at the same time each day to maintain consistent hormone levels and effectiveness. Taking it at different times can lead to hormonal fluctuations and reduced medication efficacy. Choice A is incorrect because medroxyprogesterone does not need to be taken with food to prevent nausea. Choice B is incorrect as medroxyprogesterone is typically taken continuously rather than intermittently. Choice D is incorrect because side effects should be reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management, not automatically leading to discontinuation of the medication.

2. Which of the following is NOT an example of clinical manifestations of leukemia and lymphoma?

• A. Fatigue
• B. Increased risk of bleeding
• C. Increased risk of infections
• D. Increased energy and strength

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased energy and strength. Leukemia and lymphoma typically present with symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, increased risk of bleeding, and increased risk of infections. Patients with these conditions often experience a lack of energy and strength due to the disease's impact on the body. Therefore, increased energy and strength are not typical manifestations of leukemia and lymphoma.

3. Which of the following describes the etiology of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

• A. A blow to the head from a hard object
• B. Lack of blood flow to part of the brain
• C. Excessive exercise, such as running
• D. A ruptured artery in the heart

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke, is often caused by a lack of blood flow to part of the brain. This leads to damage in the brain tissue due to the deprived oxygen and nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A blow to the head from a hard object can cause a traumatic brain injury but is not the etiology of a CVA. Excessive exercise like running does not typically lead to a stroke. A ruptured artery in the heart may result in a heart attack, not a cerebrovascular accident.

4. What type of immunity will the hepatitis B series provide a nursing student scheduled to receive it?

• A. Active immunity
• B. Passive immunity
• C. Innate immunity
• D. Natural immunity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is active immunity. The hepatitis B series immunization will provide active immunity, where the individual's immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against the hepatitis B virus. This type of immunity is long-lasting and provides protection against future exposures. Passive immunity (choice B) involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies and is temporary. Innate immunity (choice C) is the body's natural defense mechanisms, present at birth. Natural immunity (choice D) refers to immunity acquired through normal life processes, such as recovering from an infection.

5. Which of the following is not included in the care plan of a client with moderate cognitive impairment involving dementia of the Alzheimer’s type?

• A. Daily structured schedule
• B. Positive reinforcement for performing activities of daily living
• C. Stimulating environment
• D. Use of validation techniques

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the care plan for a client with moderate cognitive impairment involving Alzheimer's type dementia, a stimulating environment is not included as it can potentially increase confusion. Therefore, it is important to provide a familiar, structured, and predictable environment to reduce stress and disorientation. Daily structured schedules help in maintaining routine and familiarity, positive reinforcement encourages engagement in activities, and validation techniques help in communicating effectively with the client by acknowledging their feelings and reality orientation.

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