Nursing Elites

1. A client who is postpartum and has been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia should be taught to consume which of the following dietary recommendations?

• A. Yogurt and mozzarella
• B. Spinach and beef
• C. Milk and turkey slices
• D. Fish and cottage cheese

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is spinach and beef. Both spinach and beef are high in iron, making them excellent choices to help combat iron deficiency anemia. Yogurt, mozzarella, milk, turkey slices, fish, and cottage cheese are not as rich in iron compared to spinach and beef, so they are not the most suitable dietary recommendations for a client with iron deficiency anemia.

2. What is the most likely demonstration of cardiac cachexia?

• A. Decreased physical activity
• B. Weight loss and tissue wasting
• C. Poor urine output and tissue edema
• D. Cardiac arrhythmia and wet lung sounds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac cachexia is a condition characterized by severe weight loss and tissue wasting. This typically occurs in patients suffering from heart failure due to an increased energy expenditure and reduced appetite, which is why choice B is the correct answer. The other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the symptoms of cardiac cachexia. Decreased physical activity (choice A) can be a result of many conditions, not specifically cardiac cachexia. Poor urine output and tissue edema (choice C) are more indicative of kidney problems rather than cardiac cachexia. Finally, cardiac arrhythmia and wet lung sounds (choice D) are symptoms related to other cardiac conditions, not specifically to cardiac cachexia.

3. Which type of diabetes is often associated with a BMI greater than 25 and an increased percentage of body fat, particularly in the abdominal region, contributing to insulin resistance?

• A. Type 1 Diabetes
• B. Type 2 Diabetes
• C. Gestational Diabetes
• D. Prediabetes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Type 2 Diabetes is often associated with a BMI greater than 25 and an increased percentage of body fat, particularly in the abdominal region, contributing to insulin resistance. Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition not primarily linked to BMI or body fat percentage. Gestational Diabetes occurs during pregnancy and is not directly related to BMI. Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as Type 2 Diabetes; although it can be associated with higher BMI, it is not as definitive as in Type 2 Diabetes.

4. What does oliguria lead to in patients with acute kidney injury?

• A. Hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue
• B. An increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone
• C. Sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium
• D. Edema due to increased urine production

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria (reduced urine output) often results in sodium retention and hyperkalemia (elevated levels of potassium). This is due to the kidneys' decreased capacity to excrete these substances. Choice A is incorrect because hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue are not direct consequences of oliguria in acute kidney injury. Choice B is incorrect because an increase in blood potassium levels is not caused by excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone but rather by decreased excretion of potassium. Choice D is incorrect because edema is not caused by increased urine production but rather by fluid overload due to decreased urine output.

5. Which adolescent student lunch, evaluated by the school nurse, is the least nutritious?

• A. Ham sandwich, apple, and milk
• B. Hamburger, fries, and soft drink
• C. Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches
• D. Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hamburger, fries, and soft drink. This meal is considered the least nutritious among the options provided due to its high content of unhealthy fats, processed carbohydrates, and added sugars, which lack essential nutrients. On the other hand, choice A: Ham sandwich, apple, and milk, offers a balanced meal with protein, fiber, vitamins, and calcium. Choice C: Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches, provides a mixture of carbohydrates, vegetables, and fruits. Choice D: Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices, includes protein, fiber, and vitamins. Thus, all choices except B provide a more balanced and nutritious meal.

Similar Questions