Nursing Elites

1. Which statement about essential nutrients should the nurse include?

• A. Fat-containing foods can help to decrease triglyceride levels.
• B. Animal sources of protein contain 20 essential amino acids.
• C. Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain.
• D. High-fiber foods are a good source of energy.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because carbohydrates are indeed the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain. Choice A is incorrect because while certain fats are essential, they do not help decrease triglyceride levels. Choice B is incorrect because animal sources of protein do not contain all 20 essential amino acids. Choice D is incorrect because although high-fiber foods are important for digestion and overall health, they are not a direct source of energy.

2. The priority nursing diagnosis for a client with major depression is:

• A. Altered nutrition
• B. Altered thought process
• C. Self care deficit
• D. Risk for injury

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who has neutropenia as a result of radiation therapy for the treatment of lung cancer. Which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?

• A. Bottled water is an appropriate choice to increase fluid intake.
• B. The salad bar is a healthy choice when dining out.
• C. Soft-boiled eggs are an appropriate source of protein.
• D. Eating at a buffet is a good choice to increase caloric intake.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In neutropenia, which is a low count of neutrophils, the client is at a high risk of infection. It is crucial to emphasize the importance of proper hydration to maintain overall health. Bottled water is a safe choice as it reduces the risk of exposure to contaminants that could further compromise the client's immune system. The other options, like the salad bar, soft-boiled eggs, and eating at a buffet, may not be suitable for a client with neutropenia due to the risk of bacterial contamination or exposure to pathogens that could lead to infections, which should be avoided.

4. Each of the following is a form of vitamin K, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Phylloquinone
• B. Tocopherol
• C. Menaquinone
• D. Menadione

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tocopherol, Choice B, is not a form of vitamin K; it is another name for vitamin E. Phylloquinone (Choice A), menaquinone (Choice C), and menadione (Choice D) are all forms of vitamin K. Phylloquinone is vitamin K1 found in green plants, menaquinone is vitamin K2 produced in the large intestine and found in animal tissues, and menadione is a synthetic form of vitamin K. Therefore, Choice B is the correct answer because it does not belong to the vitamin K group, unlike the other options.

5. How do foods or supplements containing significant amounts of plant sterols help lower LDL cholesterol levels?

• A. reducing cholesterol synthesis
• B. suppressing inflammation
• C. reducing blood clotting
• D. interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plant sterols interfere with cholesterol and bile absorption in the intestines. This interference helps lower LDL cholesterol levels by reducing the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because plant sterols primarily work by interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption, not by reducing cholesterol synthesis, suppressing inflammation, or reducing blood clotting.

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