ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology
1. A client with a new prescription for an antihypertensive medication is being provided discharge instructions by a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse give?
- A. Be sure to limit your potassium intake while taking the medication.
- B. You should check your blood pressure every 8 hours while taking this medication.
- C. Your medication dosage will be increased if you develop tachycardia.
- D. Change positions slowly when you move from sitting to standing.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct statement for the nurse to provide is to instruct the client to change positions slowly when moving from sitting to standing. This is crucial because antihypertensive medications can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness when changing positions quickly. Checking blood pressure every 8 hours is unnecessary and could lead to over-monitoring. There is no direct relationship between the medication and potassium intake. Increasing the medication dosage due to tachycardia is not a typical response and may not be accurate.
2. A healthcare provider is providing discharge instructions to a client who is prescribed Warfarin. Which of the following dietary instructions should the provider include?
- A. Increase your intake of leafy green vegetables.
- B. Avoid foods high in vitamin K.
- C. Increase your intake of dairy products.
- D. Avoid foods high in iron.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid foods high in vitamin K. Vitamin K can interfere with the effectiveness of Warfarin by counteracting its anticoagulant effects. Foods high in vitamin K, such as leafy green vegetables, should be limited in the diet of individuals taking Warfarin to maintain a consistent level of the medication's effectiveness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as increasing intake of leafy green vegetables (choice A) and dairy products (choice C) may increase the intake of vitamin K, which is not recommended, and avoiding foods high in iron (choice D) is not directly related to Warfarin therapy.
3. A patient is prescribed acetaminophen 650 mg PO every 6 hr PRN for pain. The available acetaminophen liquid is 500 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?
- A. 6.5 mL
- B. 7 mL
- C. 5 mL
- D. 8 mL
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the volume to administer: (Desired dose / Concentration) = Volume to administer. In this case, (650 mg / 500 mg) x 5 mL = 6.5 mL. Therefore, the nurse should administer 6.5 mL of acetaminophen liquid per dose to provide the prescribed 650 mg of acetaminophen. Choice B, 7 mL, is incorrect because the correct calculation results in 6.5 mL. Choice C, 5 mL, is incorrect as it is the concentration of the acetaminophen liquid, not the final volume needed. Choice D, 8 mL, is incorrect because it does not reflect the accurate calculation based on the prescription and concentration.
4. A client has Diabetes Mellitus, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and a new prescription for Isoniazid. Which of the following supplements should the nurse expect to administer to prevent an adverse effect of INH?
- A. Ascorbic acid
- B. Pyridoxine
- C. Folic acid
- D. Cyanocobalamin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pyridoxine is administered with Isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy, a common adverse effect of the drug. It is essential to provide this supplement to the client to minimize the risk of developing this adverse effect. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is not typically given to prevent INH adverse effects. Folic acid and Cyanocobalamin are not commonly administered with INH for this purpose.
5. A client taking nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) for angina asks the nurse to explain possible side effects. What should NOT be included in client teaching?
- A. Reflex tachycardia
- B. Dizziness
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hypotension
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Hyponatremia is not a common side effect associated with nitroglycerin use. Nitroglycerin typically causes side effects such as reflex tachycardia, dizziness, and hypotension due to its vasodilatory effects. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to educate the client about these potential side effects to promote understanding and appropriate management.
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