Nursing Elites

1. A client has acute dysphagia. Which of the following nursing interventions should be included in the plan of care?

• A. Providing a straw for consumption of liquids
• B. Encouraging larger bites
• C. Placing the client in semi-Fowler's position during meals
• D. Instructing the client to tilt head forward when swallowing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Placing the client in semi-Fowler's position during meals is the correct intervention for a client with acute dysphagia. This position helps prevent aspiration by facilitating swallowing. Providing a straw for consumption of liquids (Choice A) can increase the risk of aspiration and is not recommended for clients with dysphagia. Encouraging larger bites (Choice B) can also increase the risk of choking and aspiration. Instructing the client to tilt the head forward when swallowing (Choice D) is not the recommended technique for managing dysphagia as it does not address the underlying issue effectively.

2. Which of the following foods or beverages would offer the most nutrients per calorie?

• A. chicken
• B. wine
• C. white bread
• D. broccoli

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Broccoli is indeed the correct answer. Broccoli is considered nutrient-dense, meaning it provides a significant amount of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber while being relatively low in calories. On the other hand, choices A, B, and C are not as nutrient-dense as broccoli. Chicken can be nutritious but may vary in nutrient content depending on the cut and preparation method. Wine, although containing antioxidants like resveratrol, is not a significant source of essential nutrients. White bread is often low in nutrients and fiber compared to whole grain options, making it less nutrient-dense than broccoli.

3. What is considered fast breathing in a 13-month-old child if the respiratory rate (RR) exceeds which value?

• A. 40 breaths per minute
• B. 50 breaths per minute
• C. 60 breaths per minute
• D. 30 breaths per minute

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric care, a respiratory rate of more than 60 breaths per minute in a child aged 13 months is considered fast breathing, hence option 'C' is correct. Options 'A', 'B', and 'D' are incorrect as they do not meet the specified criteria for fast breathing in a 13-month-old. Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, including monitoring respiratory rates, to ensure that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

4. An imbalance of which nutrient may elicit delayed tooth eruption, enlarged tongue, stillbirths, altered craniofacial growth, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, depression, and goiter?

• A. Zinc
• B. Iron
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iron. The provided extract mentions that iodine deficiency can cause delayed tooth eruption, enlarged tongue, stillbirths, altered craniofacial growth, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, depression, and goiter. Zinc, Sodium, and Potassium are not associated with these specific symptoms. Zinc deficiency can lead to other health issues but not the ones mentioned. Sodium and Potassium imbalances do not typically result in the symptoms described in the question.

5. Which of the following is a good food source of iodine?

• A. Seafood
• B. Lettuce
• C. Broccoli
• D. Pork

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Seafood is a rich source of iodine, essential for maintaining healthy thyroid function and overall metabolic health. While lettuce, broccoli, and pork may contain some iodine, they do not provide as substantial an amount as seafood. Therefore, they are not considered 'good' sources of iodine in comparison.

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