Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is developing an education program for a community group about dietary intake of vitamins and minerals in the diet. The nurse should include which of the following foods as sources of vitamin C? (Select the food that does not apply.)

• A. Green pepper
• B. Orange
• C. Cabbage
• D. Milk

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is E: Milk. Milk is not a significant source of vitamin C. Choices A, B, C, and D are all good sources of vitamin C. Green pepper, orange, cabbage, and strawberries contain vitamin C and can be included in the diet to meet the body's need for this essential vitamin. Milk, on the other hand, is not known for its vitamin C content, so it does not apply as a source of this particular vitamin.

2. What is the most common type of kidney stone?

• A. Cystine
• B. Calcium
• C. Struvite
• D. Uric acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium-based, specifically calcium oxalate. This is usually due to high calcium levels in the urine, which can be caused by dietary factors or certain metabolic disorders. Cystine stones, on the other hand, are less common and occur in individuals with a hereditary disorder leading to excessive excretion of certain amino acids. Struvite stones are often formed in response to an infection. Uric acid stones may occur in individuals who do not consume sufficient fluids or who lose too much fluid, among other factors. Therefore, while all these substances can form stones in the kidneys, calcium stones are the most common.

3. A client at risk for iron-deficiency anemia is being taught by a nurse about optimizing dietary intake of iron. The nurse should explain that which of the following sources of iron is easiest for the body to absorb?

• A. Spinach
• B. Cantaloupe
• C. Chicken
• D. Lentils

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Chicken.' Chicken contains heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based sources like spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils. Heme iron, as present in chicken, is more bioavailable and is better absorbed by the body, making it an excellent source of iron for individuals at risk of iron-deficiency anemia. Spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils contain non-heme iron, which is not as efficiently absorbed as heme iron.

4. Toilet training occurs in the anal stage of Freud’s psychosexual development. This is equivalent to Erikson’s:

• A. Trust vs. Mistrust
• B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
• C. Initiative vs. Guilt
• D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trust vs. Mistrust. In Freud's psychosexual development theory, the anal stage is where toilet training occurs, focusing on issues of control and independence. This stage is parallel to Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust stage, where infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on the consistency of care they receive. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they correspond to different stages in Erikson's psychosocial development theory, not related to toilet training or the anal stage of Freud's theory.

5. A client is being prepared for placement of a catheter for total parenteral nutrition. Which of the following access sites should be planned for catheter insertion?

• A. Left antecubital vein
• B. Right subclavian vein
• C. Right femoral artery
• D. Left arm radial artery

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Right subclavian vein. When preparing a client for placement of a catheter for total parenteral nutrition, the preferred access site for catheter insertion is the subclavian vein due to its large size, central location, and lower risk of infection compared to peripheral veins. The other options provided (Left antecubital vein, Right femoral artery, and Left arm radial artery) are not suitable access sites for central venous catheter insertion for total parenteral nutrition.

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