ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2023 Quizlet
1. A client in a substance abuse clinic is being assessed by a nurse after discontinuing disulfiram due to severe nausea and vomiting. What is the likely cause of the client's distress?
- A. The client demonstrated an allergic response to the medication.
- B. The client experienced a common side effect of the medication.
- C. The client consumed alcohol while taking the medication.
- D. The client took an overdose of the medication.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Disulfiram, when combined with alcohol, leads to a severe reaction causing nausea and vomiting. Since the client experienced these symptoms after starting disulfiram, it is likely that they consumed alcohol while taking the medication. Choice A is incorrect because the symptoms are more indicative of the interaction with alcohol rather than an allergic response. Choice B is incorrect as severe nausea and vomiting are not common side effects of disulfiram alone. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication of an overdose based on the symptoms described.
2. A client has a new prescription for Captopril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Monitor your blood pressure weekly.
- C. Notify your provider if you develop a persistent cough.
- D. Avoid using salt substitutes to prevent hyperkalemia.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Clients prescribed with Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, are at risk of developing a persistent cough as a common adverse effect. It is essential for the client to inform their healthcare provider promptly if this side effect occurs to evaluate the need for a medication change or adjustment.
3. A client has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide to treat hypertension. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Take the medication in the morning.
- B. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. Avoid sun exposure while taking this medication.
- D. Limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction that should be included for a client prescribed hydrochlorothiazide is to increase the intake of potassium-rich foods. Hydrochlorothiazide, being a diuretic, can lead to hypokalemia by enhancing potassium excretion. Increasing consumption of potassium-rich foods like bananas or oranges can help prevent hypokalemia and maintain electrolyte balance. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Taking the medication in the morning is not a specific instruction related to hydrochlorothiazide. Avoiding sun exposure is more relevant for photosensitive medications, not hydrochlorothiazide. Limiting fluid intake to 1 liter per day is not necessary unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider.
4. A healthcare professional is caring for a group of clients receiving antimicrobial therapy. Which of the following clients should the professional plan to monitor for manifestations of antibiotic toxicity?
- A. An adolescent client with a sinus infection
- B. An older adult client with prostatitis
- C. A client who is postpartum with mastitis
- D. A middle-aged client with a urinary tract infection
Correct answer: B
Rationale: An older adult client with prostatitis who is receiving antibiotics should be monitored for toxicity due to age-related reductions in medication metabolism and excretion. Older adults are more susceptible to antibiotic toxicity, making them a high-risk group for adverse effects.
5. A toddler is being admitted to the hospital after an Acetaminophen overdose. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to this patient?
- A. Acetylcysteine
- B. Pegfilgrastim
- C. Misoprostol
- D. Naltrexone
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In cases of Acetaminophen overdose, acetylcysteine is the antidote of choice. Acetylcysteine helps prevent liver damage by replenishing depleted glutathione levels, which is essential for detoxifying acetaminophen metabolites. Pegfilgrastim is a medication used to stimulate white blood cell production, Misoprostol is a medication for preventing stomach ulcers, and Naltrexone is used for treating opioid addiction and alcoholism, but none of these are indicated for Acetaminophen overdose.
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