Nursing Elites

1. A common comorbidity in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is:

• A. Liver disease
• B. Malnutrition
• C. Acute renal failure
• D. Difficulty breathing

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Malnutrition is a common comorbidity in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This is mainly due to factors such as dietary restrictions, poor appetite, and the body's increased nutritional needs as it struggles to deal with the disease. Liver disease (Choice A) is not typically associated directly with CKD, although both conditions may coexist in some patients. Acute renal failure (Choice C) is not a comorbidity but a severe and potentially lethal progression of CKD. Difficulty breathing (Choice D) is not a comorbidity but can be a symptom of severe kidney disease or other underlying conditions. However, malnutrition is more commonly observed in CKD patients compared to difficulty breathing.

2. The purpose of ECT in clients with depression is to:

• A. Stimulation in the brain to increase brain conduction and counteract depression
• B. Mainly Biologic, increasing the norepinephrine and serotonin level
• C. Creates a temporary brain damage that will increase blood flow to the brain
• D. Involves the conduction of electrical current to the brain to charge the neurons and combat depression

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. Which nutrient is most important for the prevention of osteoporosis?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Iron
• C. Calcium
• D. Protein

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calcium is the most important nutrient for bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis. Calcium plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density and strength. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function but is not directly related to bone health. Iron is essential for oxygen transport in the blood, while protein is important for muscle growth and repair. However, in the context of preventing osteoporosis, calcium is the key nutrient.

4. Which food has the highest calcium content?

• A. 1 cup of carrot strips
• B. 3 oz of canned salmon
• C. 1 plain baked potato
• D. 1 cup of chopped chicken breast

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The highest source of calcium among the given choices is the 3 oz of canned salmon. This is due to the presence of bones in canned salmon, which are rich in calcium. The other options, including 1 cup of carrot strips, 1 plain baked potato, and 1 cup of chopped chicken breast, do not contain as much calcium due to the nature of their composition and lack of bone content.

5. A nurse is developing a program about strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses for a community group. The nurse should plan to include which of the following recommendations? (Select one that does not apply).

• A. Keep cold food temperatures below 4.4�C (40�F).
• B. Reheat leftovers before eating.
• C. Wash raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water.
• D. Keep cooked foods at 48.9�C (120�F).

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to keep cooked foods at 48.9�C (120�F). This temperature is too low to keep cooked foods safe from bacterial growth. The ideal temperature to keep cooked foods safe is above 60�C (140�F). Choices A, B, and C are all important strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses. Keeping cold food temperatures below 4.4�C (40�F) helps prevent bacterial growth, reheating leftovers before eating kills any bacteria that may have grown during storage, and washing raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water helps remove dirt and bacteria.

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