a client who 1 diet requires 2 amounts of vitamin c

ATI RN

Nutrition ATI Test

1. A client who 1) ___ diet requires 2) _ amounts of vitamin C.

A. A) Follows a vegan diet, B) More
B. B) Smokes cigarettes, B) More
C. A) Follows a vegan diet, C) The same
D. B) Smokes cigarettes, C) The same

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Smokes cigarettes, More. Smoking increases the need for vitamin C as it can deplete the body's vitamin C levels. Vegan diets, on the other hand, require more vitamin C for optimal absorption due to the absence of heme iron, which enhances non-heme iron absorption. Choices A and C are incorrect because vegan diets require more vitamin C, while smoking increases the need for vitamin C.

2. A nurse at a health fair is assessing the weight status of four clients. Which of the following clients is classified as overweight?

A. A female client who has a body mass index of 24
B. A male client who has a body mass index of 29
C. A female client who has a waist circumference of 101.6 cm (40 in)
D. A male client who has a waist circumference of 96.52 cm (38 in)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher is classified as overweight. Choice B, a male client with a BMI of 29, falls into the overweight category. Choice A, a female client with a BMI of 24, is within the normal range. Choices C and D provide information on waist circumference, which is not sufficient to determine if a client is overweight or not, as waist circumference alone does not provide the overall picture of weight status compared to BMI.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a low-sodium diet. The client's family has requested to bring in some of the client's favorite foods. Which of the following food items should the nurse tell the family members to omit?

A. Boiled rice
B. Flat bread
C. Broiled fish fillet
D. Pickled vegetables

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Pickled vegetables.' Pickled vegetables are high in sodium due to the pickling process, making them unsuitable for a low-sodium diet. Boiled rice, flat bread, and broiled fish fillet are generally lower in sodium compared to pickled vegetables and can be included in a low-sodium diet. Therefore, the nurse should advise the family to omit pickled vegetables to adhere to the client's dietary restrictions.

4. Water loss can occur from each, except one. Which is the exception?

A. Respiratory inflammation
B. Strenuous exercise
C. Diarrhea
D. Perspiration

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Perspiration. Water loss can occur through respiration inflammation, strenuous exercise, and diarrhea. Perspiration, also known as sweating, is a mechanism by which the body regulates temperature and eliminates some waste products, but it is not a cause of water loss. The body loses water through sweating, but this loss is mainly for cooling purposes, and it is not a primary mechanism for water loss like respiration, exercise, or diarrhea.

5. How do foods or supplements containing significant amounts of plant sterols help lower LDL cholesterol levels?

A. reducing cholesterol synthesis
B. suppressing inflammation
C. reducing blood clotting
D. interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plant sterols interfere with cholesterol and bile absorption in the intestines. This interference helps lower LDL cholesterol levels by reducing the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because plant sterols primarily work by interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption, not by reducing cholesterol synthesis, suppressing inflammation, or reducing blood clotting.