Nursing Elites

1. __________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.

• A. Sex hormones
• B. Over-the-counter medications
• C. Free radicals
• D. Low body weight

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Free radicals may contribute to oxidative stress, increasing the risk of conditions associated with a high-fat diet. When consuming a high-fat diet, the body may produce more free radicals, leading to oxidative damage. Sex hormones, over-the-counter medications, and low body weight do not directly heighten the effects of a high-fat diet like free radicals do.

2. Dr. Wu observes children’s responses to bullying by watching them play in a park. This is an example of a(n) __________.

• A. ethnographic study
• B. naturalistic observation
• C. structured observation
• D. clinical interview Answer: B Page Ref: 28 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dr. Wu's observation of children's responses to bullying by watching them play in a park is an example of naturalistic observation. Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in a natural setting without any manipulation or intervention. Dr. Wu is simply observing the children's behavior in a real-world setting to gain insights into how they respond to bullying, making it a naturalistic observation.

3. During the period of the embryo, the __________ becomes the __________.

• A. mesoderm; nervous system, lungs, internal organs, and skin
• B. chorion; endocrine system, muscles, placenta, and skeleton
• C. ectoderm; circulatory system, skin, skeleton, and internal organs
• D. endoderm; digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, and glands Answer: D Page Ref: 78 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During the period of the embryo, the endoderm becomes the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, and glands. The endoderm is one of the primary germ layers that give rise to various internal organs in the developing embryo. It plays a crucial role in the formation of organs such as the digestive system, respiratory system, and glandular structures.

4. Observations of imprinting led to which major concept in human development?

• A. adaptation
• B. equilibrium
• C. the critical period
• D. classical conditioning

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Observations of imprinting in animals, such as ducklings following the first moving object they see after hatching, led to the major concept of the critical period in human development. The critical period is a specific time frame during which an organism must experience certain stimuli to develop properly. This concept has been influential in understanding various aspects of human development, such as language acquisition and social attachment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Adaptation refers to adjusting to the environment, equilibrium is about balance in cognitive processes, and classical conditioning is a learning process associated with behaviorism, none of which directly relate to the concept derived from imprinting observations.

5. Which Apgar criterion can be more difficult to apply to newborns of all races?

• A. pink color
• B. reflex irritability
• C. limp muscle tone
• D. strong breathing

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Among the Apgar criteria, the pink color (choice A), reflex irritability (choice B), and limp muscle tone (choice C) are relatively easy to assess in newborns of all races. However, the criterion that can be more difficult to apply to newborns of all races is strong breathing (choice D). This is because evaluating the strength of a newborn's breathing can be more subjective and require careful observation. Unlike the other criteria that have more visible and objective indicators, assessing the strength of breathing might vary based on the observer's interpretation, making it more challenging to apply universally.

Similar Questions