Nursing Elites

1. You are to apply a transdermal patch of nitoglycerin to your client. The following are important guidelines to observe EXCEPT:

• A. Apply to hairless clean area of the skin not subject to much wrinkling
• B. Patches may be applied to distal part of the extremities like forearm
• C. Change application and site regularly to prevent irritation of the skin
• D. Wear gloves to avoid any medication on your hand

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

2. Which statement indicates understanding of a low-fiber diet?

• A. I can cut up carrots and celery sticks for my lunch.
• B. I will eat a bran muffin for my mid-morning snack.
• C. I will have oatmeal with skim milk for my breakfast.
• D. I should choose canned peaches for my fruit serving.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because canned peaches are low in fiber compared to the other options provided. Option A contains high-fiber vegetables (carrots and celery), option B includes a bran muffin which is fiber-rich, and option C involves oatmeal which is also a good source of fiber. Therefore, choosing canned peaches aligns with a low-fiber diet.

3. All of the following are contraindications when giving Immunization except:

• A. BCG Vaccine can be given to a child with AIDS
• B. BCG Vaccine can be given to a child with Hepatitis B
• C. DPT can be given to a child that had convulsion 3 days after being given the first DPT dose
• D. DPT can be given to a child with active convulsion or other neurological disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. BCG vaccine can be given to a child with Hepatitis B, as there is no contraindication for this. Choice A, C, and D all present contraindications for administering immunizations. Choice A is incorrect because giving BCG vaccines to a child with AIDS is a contraindication. Choice C is incorrect as convulsions after the first DPT dose indicate a contraindication to subsequent doses. Choice D is incorrect because active convulsions or other neurological diseases are contraindications to receiving the DPT vaccine.

4. A nurse is teaching a group of clients who are at risk for heart disease about decreasing saturated fats in their diet. Which of the following fats should the nurse recommend the clients use when cooking?

• A. Palm oil
• B. Peanut oil
• C. Canola oil
• D. Stick margarine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Canola oil is lower in saturated fats compared to palm oil, peanut oil, and stick margarine, making it a healthier option for clients at risk for heart disease. Palm oil is high in saturated fats, peanut oil has a moderate amount of saturated fats, and stick margarine is also high in saturated fats and trans fats, which are not heart-healthy choices.

5. This flip-over card is usually kept in a portable file at the Nurse’s Station. It has 2-parts: the activity and treatment section and a nursing care plan section. This carries information about basic demographic data, primary medical diagnosis, current orders of the physician to be carried out by the nurse, written nursing care plan, nursing orders, scheduled tests and procedures, safety precautions in patient care and factors related to daily living activities. This record is used in the charge-of-shift reports or during the bedside rounds or walking rounds. What record is this?

• A. Discharge Summary
• B. Medicine and Treatment Record
• C. Nursing Health History and Assessment Worksheet
• D. Nursing Kardex

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

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