Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to be associated with increased risk of macular degeneration?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect eye health and prevent macular degeneration.

2. A nurse is providing nutritional education to a client who is obese. The nurse should include in the information that which of the following gastrointestinal disorders is commonly associated with obesity?

• A. Peptic ulcer disease
• B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• C. Celiac disease
• D. Crohn’s disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly associated with obesity due to increased abdominal pressure and other factors. Peptic ulcer disease (Choice A) is not commonly associated with obesity. Celiac disease (Choice C) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption and is not directly linked to obesity. Crohn’s disease (Choice D) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease and is not specifically associated with obesity.

3. Nurse Joel and Ana are helping a 16-year-old Nursing Student in a case filed against the student for frustrated homicide. Nurse Joel and Ana are aware of the different circumstances of crimes. They are correct in identifying which of the following circumstances will be best applied in this case?

• A. Justifying
• B. Aggravating
• C. Mitigating
• D. Exempting

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In cases of frustrated homicide, the circumstance of 'justifying' is the most applicable. Justifying circumstances are those that exempt the individual from criminal liability because the act is considered morally right or justified under the circumstances. Aggravating circumstances would worsen the offense, mitigating circumstances would lessen the penalty, and exempting circumstances would completely excuse the individual from liability, none of which are suitable in a case of frustrated homicide.

4. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively referred to as _____.

• A. Coronary artery disease
• B. Cardiovascular disease
• C. Coronary heart disease
• D. Coronary vessel disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels is cardiovascular disease. While coronary artery disease (Choice A) specifically involves the narrowing of coronary arteries, it is just one type of cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease (Choice C) is also a specific condition related to the heart's blood vessels. Choice D, coronary vessel disease, is not a commonly used term to describe diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Therefore, Choice B, cardiovascular disease, is the most inclusive and appropriate term to refer to these conditions.

5. Which outcome has been shown to be most closely associated with breastfeeding infants of mothers who smoke?

• A. poor temperature regulation
• B. vision impairment
• C. vomiting
• D. elevated blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: vomiting. Infants breastfed by mothers who smoke are more likely to experience vomiting and gastrointestinal issues due to the transfer of nicotine and other harmful substances through breast milk. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Poor temperature regulation, vision impairment, and elevated blood pressure are not the primary outcomes closely associated with breastfeeding infants of mothers who smoke.

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