Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids?

• A. blood clotting
• B. transport of oxygen in the blood
• C. muscle contractions
• D. transmission of nerve impulses

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The transport of oxygen in the blood is carried out by hemoglobin, which does not require calcium; instead, calcium is essential for blood clotting, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission.

2. Which enzyme is most essential for hydrolyzing large protein molecules?

• A. Gastric lipase
• B. Pepsin
• C. Mucus
• D. Intrinsic factor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pepsin, choice B, is the correct answer as it is a proteolytic enzyme that is essential for the breakdown of large protein molecules in the stomach. Gastric lipase, choice A, is incorrect because it primarily targets fats, not proteins, hence it is not involved in protein hydrolysis. Mucus, choice C, is incorrect as it serves to protect the stomach lining from acidic gastric juices and does not play a direct role in protein digestion. Intrinsic factor, choice D, is incorrect as it is vital for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the small intestine and doesn't participate in the process of hydrolyzing proteins.

3. What is the process of formal negotiations of working conditions between a group of registered nurses and employer?

• A. grievance
• B. arbitration
• C. collective bargaining
• D. strike

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'collective bargaining.' Collective bargaining involves negotiations between a group of employees, in this case, registered nurses, and their employer to determine working conditions, wages, benefits, and other aspects of employment. Grievance refers to a formal complaint about a workplace issue, arbitration involves a neutral third party making a decision in a dispute, and a strike is a work stoppage by employees to protest against their employer.

4. When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight, which nutrients are most likely to become insufficient?

• A. Iron, fiber, and protein
• B. Iron, fiber, and vitamin K
• C. Vitamin A and vitamin C
• D. Iron, fiber, and B vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Iron, fiber, and B vitamins are most likely to become insufficient when carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight. Carbohydrates are a primary source of B vitamins and fiber in the diet. Iron can also be obtained from plant-based sources like legumes and whole grains, which are often eliminated when carbohydrates are restricted. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because protein, vitamin K, vitamin A, and vitamin C are not primarily sourced from carbohydrates and are less likely to become insufficient solely due to carbohydrate elimination.

5. An advance directive known as a durable power of attorney involves appointing another person called a(n) _____ to act as the decision maker in the event of the patient's incapacitation.

• A. witness
• B. primary caregiver
• C. health care agent
• D. state proxy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'health care agent.' A health care agent is appointed through a durable power of attorney to make medical decisions on behalf of a patient who becomes incapacitated. The term 'witness' (choice A) is incorrect because a witness only observes the signing of the directive and does not make decisions. 'Primary caregiver' (choice B) is also incorrect as they may provide care but are not necessarily legally empowered to make decisions. 'State proxy' (choice D) is not commonly used in the context of advance directives or health care decision making, making it an incorrect choice.

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