Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids?

• A. blood clotting
• B. transport of oxygen in the blood
• C. muscle contractions
• D. transmission of nerve impulses

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The transport of oxygen in the blood is carried out by hemoglobin, which does not require calcium; instead, calcium is essential for blood clotting, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission.

2. Which of the following should a patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis avoid?

• A. Low-fat dairy
• B. Lean meats
• C. High-fiber vegetables
• D. Alcohol

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alcohol. Alcohol consumption can exacerbate chronic pancreatitis due to its detrimental effects on the pancreas. Conversely, options A, B, and C: Low-fat dairy, Lean meats, and High-fiber vegetables, are generally recommended for patients with chronic pancreatitis. These dietary options are easier on the pancreas and less likely to provoke symptoms. Therefore, they are incorrect choices in this context.

3. Which chemical structure is represented by glycerol combined with two fatty acids?

• A. Compound lipids
• B. Monoglycerides
• C. Diglycerides
• D. Structural lipids

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diglycerides. A diglyceride is a glycerol molecule combined with two fatty acids. This is a common form of fat during digestion and absorption. Choice A, Compound lipids, is incorrect because these lipids are composed of simple lipids plus additional compounds, which is not the case with a glycerol molecule combined with two fatty acids. Choice B, Monoglycerides, is incorrect because these are glycerol molecules combined with only one fatty acid, not two. Lastly, choice D, Structural lipids, is incorrect because these are major components of cell membranes and do not directly relate to the combination of glycerol and two fatty acids.

4. A diet high in which nutrient can lead to increased risk of developing kidney stones?

• A. Fiber
• B. Protein
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Unsaturated fats

Correct answer: B

Rationale: High protein intake can increase the risk of kidney stones due to elevated calcium excretion.

5. A client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN is awaiting the next container. What fluid should the nurse infuse in the interim?

• A. Dextrose 5% in water
• B. 0.9% sodium chloride
• C. Dextrose 10% in water
• D. Lactated Ringer's solution

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 0.9% sodium chloride. When a client receiving TPN is awaiting the next container, infusing 0.9% sodium chloride is the appropriate choice to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Dextrose solutions are not recommended as they do not provide sufficient nutrition. Lactated Ringer's solution contains electrolytes but lacks essential nutrients found in TPN, making it an inadequate choice during the delay in TPN delivery.

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