Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids?

• A. blood clotting
• B. transport of oxygen in the blood
• C. muscle contractions
• D. transmission of nerve impulses

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The transport of oxygen in the blood is carried out by hemoglobin, which does not require calcium; instead, calcium is essential for blood clotting, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission.

2. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who has vitamin A deficiency. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend as the best source of vitamin A?

• A. 1 small baked sweet potato
• B. 1 cup avocado
• C. 1 cup green beans
• D. 1 large apple

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Sweet potatoes are rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A, essential for vision and immune function. Avocado (choice B) is a good source of healthy fats but not high in vitamin A. Green beans (choice C) are nutritious but not a significant source of vitamin A. Apples (choice D) are low in vitamin A compared to sweet potatoes.

3. A dental hygienist finds several new carious lesions in a patient with chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD). While conducting the medical and dental histories, the dental hygienist is most likely to find an increased use of which of the following?

• A. Protein
• B. Cough drops
• C. Fluoride
• D. Xylitol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cough drops. Patients with COPD often use cough drops to manage their symptoms, which can lead to an increase in carious lesions due to their sugar content. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as protein, fluoride, and xylitol are not typically associated with an increased risk of carious lesions in patients with COPD.

4. Intrinsic factor from the stomach is needed for the absorption of which vitamin?

• A. vitamin B12
• B. folate
• C. niacin
• D. vitamin B6

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor in the stomach, forming a complex that is then absorbed in the ileum. This absorption process is crucial for preventing vitamin B12 deficiency. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not require intrinsic factor for absorption. Folate is absorbed in the small intestine through a different mechanism, niacin can be absorbed in the small intestine without the need for intrinsic factor, and vitamin B6 does not rely on intrinsic factor for absorption.

5. The nurse is correct in performing suctioning when she applies the suction intermittently during:

• A. Insertion of the suction catheter
• B. Withdrawing of the suction catheter
• C. both insertion and withdrawing of the suction catheter
• D. When the suction catheter tip reaches the bifurcation of the trachea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

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