Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids?

• A. blood clotting
• B. transport of oxygen in the blood
• C. muscle contractions
• D. transmission of nerve impulses

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The transport of oxygen in the blood is carried out by hemoglobin, which does not require calcium; instead, calcium is essential for blood clotting, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission.

2. Metabolic control is especially important for women with gestational diabetes to ensure the infant does not develop:

• A. microsomia
• B. macrosomia
• C. type 1 diabetes
• D. type 2 diabetes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Metabolic control is crucial for women with gestational diabetes to prevent the development of macrosomia, which is characterized by an abnormally large baby. This condition poses risks such as birth injuries and necessitates careful management of blood sugar levels. Microsomia is not a known term related to this context. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are not conditions the infant would develop as a result of gestational diabetes in the mother.

3. Which change during pregnancy is related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract?

• A. Diarrhea
• B. Constipation
• C. Decreased absorption of iron
• D. Decreased absorption of calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During pregnancy, the gastrointestinal tract tends to slow down, leading to constipation. This is due to hormonal changes that relax the intestinal muscles, allowing more time for nutrient absorption and ultimately leading to constipation. Diarrhea is not typically associated with the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. Decreased absorption of iron and calcium may occur during pregnancy due to increased demands, but they are not directly related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract.

4. The term associated with loss of taste is:

• A. Xerostomia
• B. Hypogeusia
• C. Dysphagia
• D. Anosmia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Hypogeusia.' Hypogeusia refers to a diminished sense of taste, which can impact nutritional intake, especially in older adults. Xerostomia (choice A) is dry mouth, Dysphagia (choice C) is difficulty swallowing, and Anosmia (choice D) is the loss of the sense of smell. These conditions are different from loss of taste, making them incorrect choices for this question.

5. What happens when Mrs. Guevarra, a nurse, delegates aspects of the client's care to the nurse-aide, an unlicensed staff member?

• A. Mrs. Guevarra makes the assignment to instruct the staff member
• B. Mrs. Guevarra is assigning the responsibility to the aide but not the accountability for those tasks
• C. Mrs. Guevarra does not need to directly supervise or evaluate the aide
• D. Mrs. Guevarra must know how to perform the task being delegated

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. While it is true that Mrs. Guevarra is delegating tasks to the nurse-aide, she does not necessarily have to directly supervise or evaluate the aide. She still retains the overall accountability for the care of the client, but direct supervision of the aide is not a requirement for delegation. Choice A is incorrect because the primary purpose of delegation is not instruction. Choice B is also incorrect because although Mrs. Guevarra is delegating tasks, she still retains accountability for those tasks. Finally, choice D is incorrect because the ability to perform the task being delegated is not a requirement for the delegator; the delegatee should have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform the delegated tasks.

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