Nursing Elites

1. Why is environmental health more challenging than other variables related to an individual’s health?

• A. Environmental health affects susceptible individuals more than groups.
• B. Environmental health demands that individuals be willing to change their beliefs.
• C. Environmental health is dependent on social neighborhoods and geography.
• D. Environmental health requires social, economic, and political changes to improve.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Improving environmental health necessitates broader changes beyond individual actions, including social, economic, and political transformations to address root causes of environmental issues. These changes are crucial for sustainable improvements in environmental health outcomes.

2. A healthcare professional is working to improve the health of a community. Which action demonstrates this?

• A. Providing health education
• B. Conducting community assessments
• C. Advocating for health policy changes
• D. Developing health policies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Advocating for health policy changes is a significant action that can impact the health of a community on a larger scale by influencing policies that affect the well-being of the population. While providing health education and conducting community assessments are valuable activities, advocating for policy changes can lead to systemic improvements in healthcare access, quality, and outcomes.

3. How does critical theory differ from other nursing theories such as the Health Belief Model or Orem’s self-care deficit theory?

• A. Critical theory can be utilized by professionals other than nurses.
• B. Critical theory focuses on oppression and enables group action.
• C. Critical theory is indirectly associated with health promotion.
• D. Critical theory addresses challenging an individual’s beliefs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Critical theory differs from other nursing theories like the Health Belief Model or Orem's self-care deficit theory by focusing on oppression and enabling group action. Unlike these nursing theories that may concentrate more on individual beliefs, critical theory aims to address broader societal issues and promote collective action for social change.

4. Where does the classic definition of public health originate from?

• A. Ruth B. Freeman
• B. Lilian Wald
• C. Dr. C. E. Winslow
• D. World Health Organization Expert Committee on Nursing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The classic definition of public health originates from Dr. C. E. Winslow. He defined public health as 'the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities, and individuals.' Winslow's definition is widely recognized and used as a foundational concept in the field of public health.

5. Which action demonstrates primary prevention?

• A. Administering immunizations
• B. Screening for early signs of disease
• C. Providing rehabilitation services
• D. Offering smoking cessation programs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering immunizations is a prime example of primary prevention because it focuses on preventing diseases before they occur. By administering vaccines, individuals are protected from various infectious diseases, thereby reducing the risk of illness and transmission to others. This proactive approach aligns with the primary prevention goal of promoting health and preventing the onset of diseases.

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