Nursing Elites

1. Which best describes the goal of primary prevention?

• A. Preventing the onset of disease
• B. Managing existing health conditions
• C. Educating the community about healthy lifestyles
• D. Improving quality of life for those with chronic conditions

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The goal of primary prevention is to prevent the onset of disease before it occurs. This is achieved through interventions such as vaccinations, health education, and lifestyle modifications aimed at reducing the risk of developing various illnesses. Primary prevention focuses on promoting health and preventing diseases from ever occurring in the first place, distinguishing it from managing existing conditions (choice B) or improving the quality of life for individuals with chronic illnesses (choice D). Educating the community about healthy lifestyles (choice C) is a component of primary prevention as it aims to instill behaviors that reduce the likelihood of disease development.

2. Which fluid is used in the management of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) loss and burns?

• A. Ringer's lactate
• B. Normal saline
• C. Dextrose
• D. Blood

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Ringer's lactate is the preferred fluid for managing gastrointestinal tract (GIT) losses and burns due to its balanced electrolyte composition. It helps replace lost fluids and electrolytes, making it an ideal choice for resuscitation in such scenarios. Normal saline is commonly used for volume resuscitation but may not be the best choice for these specific conditions. Dextrose is a source of glucose and is not typically used as the primary fluid for GIT losses and burns. Blood transfusion is indicated for specific situations like severe hemorrhage or anemia but is not the primary fluid for GIT losses and burns.

3. What refers to the systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages, divorce, separation, and deaths?

• A. Vital statistics
• B. Statistics
• C. Morbidity
• D. Mortality

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vital statistics encompass the systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages, divorce, separation, and deaths. It provides essential data for understanding population health trends and informing public health policies.

4. What is the goal of Healthy People 2020?

• A. To improve the quality and years of healthy life
• B. To reduce health disparities among different populations
• C. To promote healthy behaviors across the lifespan
• D. To achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The goal of Healthy People 2020 is to achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities by promoting health and well-being for all populations. This includes addressing social determinants of health and ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to live a healthy life, regardless of their background or circumstances.

5. In a community with competencies, what characteristic demonstrates their ability effectively?

• A. Identify their needs, achieve consensus, and plan and implement goals
• B. Delegate community processes to an outside expert
• C. Conduct their own cross-sectional epidemiological studies
• D. Predict morbidity and mortality rates

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A community with competencies can identify its needs, achieve consensus, and effectively plan and implement goals. This showcases their self-sufficiency and collaborative problem-solving skills, enabling them to address community issues efficiently.

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