Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an essential element of a quality improvement (QI) program?

• A. Blame and punishment
• B. Employee satisfaction
• C. Continual monitoring
• D. Strict adherence to policies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The essential element of a quality improvement (QI) program is continual monitoring. Continual monitoring allows for the ongoing assessment of processes, identification of areas for improvement, and tracking of progress. Option A, 'Blame and punishment,' is incorrect as QI programs focus on systemic issues rather than individual blame. Option B, 'Employee satisfaction,' while important for organizational culture, is not an essential element of QI programs. Option D, 'Strict adherence to policies,' is valuable but not the core essential element, which is continual monitoring to drive improvement.

2. Which theory emphasizes the long-range plan rather than rewards?

• A. Equity theory.
• B. Development.
• C. Goal setting.
• D. Extinction.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Goal setting. Goal-setting theory emphasizes that it is the goal itself that motivates a person to exert effort, not just the rewards or outcomes. This theory focuses on setting specific and challenging goals to enhance performance. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because Equity theory relates to fairness in social exchanges, Development theory concerns personal growth and advancement, and Extinction refers to the disappearance of a behavior when it is no longer reinforced.

3. Which of the following theories explains that organizations are made up of intertwined links and diversified choices that generate unanticipated consequences?

• A. Contingency theory
• B. Closed system theory
• C. Open system theory
• D. Chaos theory

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The chaos theory explains that organizations are made up of intertwined links and diversified choices that generate unanticipated consequences. Choice A, Contingency theory, focuses on how organizations adapt to their environment. Choice B, Closed system theory, suggests that organizations are self-contained and do not interact with their environment. Choice C, Open system theory, emphasizes that organizations interact with their environment but does not specifically address intertwined links and diversified choices generating unanticipated consequences.

4. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a female client who has hypovolemia. Which of the following laboratory results would be a priority for the nurse to report to the provider?

• A. BUN 21 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
• B. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
• C. Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL)
• D. Sodium 132 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a client with hypovolemia, the nurse should prioritize reporting the elevated potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L to the provider. Hypovolemia can lead to electrolyte imbalances, and hyperkalemia (potassium level above 5.0 mEq/L) is a serious condition that can result in cardiac arrhythmias and requires immediate attention. The other laboratory results, BUN, creatinine, and sodium, are also important in assessing renal function and fluid balance, but the priority in this case is the elevated potassium level due to its potential life-threatening complications.

5. What is the main purpose of recruitment activities?

• A. Assess an applicant's motivation
• B. Generate a pool of qualified applicants
• C. Assess an applicant's skills
• D. Assess an applicant's ability

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main purpose of recruitment activities is to generate a pool of qualified applicants. Recruitment aims to attract a diverse range of candidates and create a talent pool from which the organization can select the most suitable individuals. Option A is incorrect as assessing motivation is typically part of the selection process rather than the recruitment phase. Option C focuses more on skill assessment, which is also generally done during the selection process. Option D is too broad and overlaps with assessing skills and qualifications rather than the primary purpose of recruitment.

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