Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Kawasaki disease?

• A. Strawberry tongue
• B. Polyarthritis
• C. Hematuria
• D. Rashes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A 'strawberry tongue' is a characteristic finding in Kawasaki disease. The presence of a 'strawberry tongue' is a classic sign of Kawasaki disease, along with other features such as conjunctivitis and rash. Choice B, polyarthritis, is not typically seen in Kawasaki disease. Choice C, hematuria, is not a common finding in Kawasaki disease but may be seen in other conditions. Choice D, rashes, are present in Kawasaki disease but are not as specific or characteristic as the 'strawberry tongue'. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

2. When assessing an infant with intussusception, what type of stool would the nurse expect to find?

• A. Soft, seedy stool
• B. Currant-jelly stool
• C. Ribbon-like stool
• D. Soft and pasty stool

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Currant-jelly stool. This type of stool, which is red and mucous-like, is a classic sign of intussusception in infants. Choice A (Soft, seedy stool) is incorrect as it does not specifically describe the characteristic stool associated with intussusception. Choice C (Ribbon-like stool) is incorrect; ribbon-like stool may be seen in conditions like colon cancer, not intussusception. Choice D (Soft and pasty stool) is also incorrect as it does not match the typical stool finding in intussusception.

3. The nurse is teaching the mother of a 9-month-old infant about administering liquid iron preparation. Which information should be included in the teaching?

• A. Adequate dosage will turn the stools a tarry, black color.
• B. Give Vitamin D to enhance absorption.
• C. Allow the liquid iron to mix with saliva before swallowing.
• D. Give the liquid iron with meals.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Iron supplements can cause stools to turn black, which is a normal and harmless side effect. Iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach, although it can be given with food if gastrointestinal upset occurs. Vitamin C, not D, enhances iron absorption. Choice B is incorrect because Vitamin C enhances iron absorption, not Vitamin D. Choice C is incorrect as there is no need to mix liquid iron with saliva before swallowing. Choice D is incorrect because iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach.

4. Which physiological acid-base balance complication would be most important for the nurse to assess in a patient with diarrhea?

• A. High serum pH
• B. Normal serum pH
• C. Metabolic alkalosis
• D. Metabolic acidosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is metabolic acidosis. Diarrhea can lead to the loss of bicarbonate, causing an imbalance in the acid-base status of the body, specifically resulting in metabolic acidosis. High serum pH (choice A) is incorrect as diarrhea-induced bicarbonate loss would lower pH, not increase it. Normal serum pH (choice B) is not the best answer as diarrhea can disrupt the acid-base balance. Metabolic alkalosis (choice C) is an alkaline state, which is less likely to be caused by diarrhea.

5. The nurse is preparing to admit a 7-year-old child with Crohn disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?

• A. Pain is common.
• B. Weight loss is severe.
• C. All are correct.
• D. Diarrhea is moderate to severe.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Crohn's disease commonly presents with pain, severe weight loss, and moderate to severe diarrhea in affected individuals. Therefore, all the manifestations listed are typically observed in patients with Crohn's disease. Choice A alone is not sufficient as weight loss and diarrhea are also prominent symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions weight loss, omitting other common manifestations. Choice D is also incorrect as it does not cover the full range of expected clinical signs in Crohn's disease.

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