Nursing Elites

1. Kimberly is having a checkup before starting kindergarten. The nurse asks her to do the “finger-to-nose test.” What is the purpose of this test?

• A. Deep tendon reflexes
• B. Cerebellar function
• C. Sensory discrimination
• D. Ability to follow directions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The finger-to-nose test assesses cerebellar function, which is responsible for balance and coordination. The test evaluates how well the cerebellum controls motor functions and coordination. Choice A, deep tendon reflexes, is incorrect because this test does not assess reflexes but rather cerebellar function. Choice C, sensory discrimination, is incorrect as this test focuses on motor function rather than sensory abilities. Choice D, ability to follow directions, is incorrect since the test primarily assesses motor coordination and not cognitive skills related to following instructions.

2. A sixteen-year-old boy is diagnosed with osteosarcoma. What information should the nurse know regarding the treatment plan?

• A. Amputation of the affected extremity is rarely necessary.
• B. Intensive radiation is the primary treatment modality.
• C. Treatment usually consists of surgery and chemotherapy.
• D. Bone marrow transplantation is the preferred option for long-term survival.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Osteosarcoma is typically treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. This approach aims to remove the tumor and reduce the risk of metastasis. Amputation of the affected extremity may be necessary in some cases to ensure complete removal of the tumor. Intensive radiation is not the primary treatment for osteosarcoma, and bone marrow transplantation is not the standard treatment for this type of cancer.

3. The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Hyponatremia
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. All are applicable
• D. Elevated blood urea nitrogen level

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In acute renal failure, laboratory findings typically include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels due to the kidneys' inability to excrete waste and balance electrolytes. Metabolic alkalosis is less common, with metabolic acidosis being more typical.

4. Which statement regarding bottle mouth caries requires further teaching?

• A. Caries can be decreased by putting an infant to bed with a bottle of milk or sweetened juice
• B. Eliminating the bedtime bottle or substituting water is recommended
• C. Sugar pools within the oral cavity cause severe decay
• D. It is often seen in children between 18 months and 3 years

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Putting an infant to bed with a bottle of milk or sweetened juice increases the risk of bottle mouth caries rather than decreasing it. This statement requires further teaching as it provides incorrect information. Choice B is correct as eliminating the bedtime bottle or substituting water is recommended to prevent bottle mouth caries. Choice C is also correct as sugar pooling within the oral cavity can indeed cause severe decay. Choice D is correct as bottle mouth caries is often observed in children between 18 months and 3 years.

5. Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which signs or symptoms?

• A. Hyperreflexia
• B. Abdominal cramps
• C. Cardiac dysrhythmias
• D. Dry, sticky mucous membranes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Hypernatremia often presents with dry, sticky mucous membranes due to dehydration. Hyperreflexia and abdominal cramps may also occur, but dry mucous membranes are more consistently observed in cases of sodium excess.

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