Nursing Elites

1. A new mom is ready to introduce solid foods to her infant. Which food would you recommend starting with?

• A. Meat
• B. Rice cereal
• C. Fruits
• D. Vegetables

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rice cereal. Rice cereal is typically the first solid food introduced to infants because it is easy to digest and unlikely to cause an allergic reaction. Starting with rice cereal helps assess the baby's readiness for solid foods and reduces the risk of allergic responses. Choice A (Meat) is not recommended as the initial solid food due to its higher allergenic potential. Choices C (Fruits) and D (Vegetables) are also not usually recommended as the first solid food, as they may be more challenging for infants to digest compared to rice cereal.

2. A parent and 4-year-old child are waiting in an exam room when the nurse enters and greets them. Which activity that the nurse observes the child doing would best demonstrate the primary developmental task of the preschool-age child, according to Erikson?

• A. Reading a book
• B. Singing a song he learned at preschool
• C. Opening drawers in the room, pulling out supplies, and examining them
• D. Roughhousing with the parent

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. According to Erikson, the primary task of a preschool-aged child is to explore and assert control over their environment. This behavior is demonstrated by the child opening drawers, pulling out supplies, and examining them, showcasing curiosity and exploration. Choices A, B, and D do not align with the primary developmental task of a preschool-age child according to Erikson. Reading a book and singing a song are more passive activities, while roughhousing with the parent does not directly relate to exploration and asserting control over the environment.

3. The nurse is caring for a very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infant with a peripheral intravenous infusion. What nursing considerations regarding infiltration should be included in planning IV care?

• A. Infiltration is not solely related to the activity level of VLBW infants.
• B. Continuous infusion pumps do not always stop automatically when infiltration occurs.
• C. Hypertonic solutions can cause severe tissue damage if infiltration occurs.
• D. The infusion site should be checked regularly to prevent infiltration-related complications.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hypertonic solutions can damage tissues if they leak from the vein due to infiltration. It is crucial to monitor for this complication to prevent severe tissue damage. Infiltration is not solely related to the activity level of VLBW infants; it can occur due to various reasons such as vein condition, catheter placement, and fluid type. Continuous infusion pumps may not always detect infiltration, as they typically alarm for pressure changes but not all infiltration instances. Checking the infusion site regularly, preferably hourly, is essential to prevent complications like tissue damage from extravasations, fluid overload, and dehydration.

4. Surgery is performed on a child to correct cryptorchidism. The parents understand the reason for the surgery if they tell the nurse this was done to do what?

• A. Prevent damage to the undescended testicle.
• B. Prevent urinary tract infections.
• C. Prevent prostate cancer.
• D. Prevent an inguinal hernia.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary reason for correcting cryptorchidism through surgery is to prevent damage to the undescended testicle, which can lead to infertility and increase the risk of testicular cancer. Prevention of UTIs and prostate cancer are not the primary concerns in this context.

5. Which type of breath sound is normally heard over the entire surface of the lungs except for the upper intrascapular area and the area beneath the manubrium?

• A. Vesicular
• B. Bronchial
• C. Adventitious
• D. Bronchovesicular

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vesicular breath sounds are normally heard over most of the lung fields, except near the trachea and main bronchi, where bronchial or bronchovesicular sounds may be heard.

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