Nursing Elites

1. Which parental statement indicates correct understanding of information presented regarding the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in infants?

• A. "We will add green leafy vegetables to our child’s low-iron formula."
• B. "We will discontinue the use of vitamin C supplements by 6 months of age."
• C. "We will begin an iron-fortified infant cereal at 4 to 6 months of age."
• D. "We will introduce cow’s milk by 6 months of age."

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Introducing iron-fortified cereal between 4 to 6 months of age is a recommended practice to prevent iron deficiency anemia in infants. Iron-fortified infant cereals are a good source of iron for infants. Choices A and B are incorrect because adding green leafy vegetables to low-iron formula and discontinuing vitamin C supplements do not directly address the prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Choice D is incorrect because cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age as it is low in iron and can lead to intestinal blood loss, increasing the risk of iron deficiency anemia.

2. What laboratory finding should the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water?

• A. Decreased hematocrit
• B. High serum osmolality
• C. High urine specific gravity
• D. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Water excess typically leads to hemodilution, resulting in a decreased hematocrit. High serum osmolality and specific gravity would indicate dehydration, while elevated BUN could suggest renal impairment or dehydration, not fluid overload.

3. According to Freud’s developmental theory, infancy is a stage of:

• A. Orality
• B. Latency
• C. Genitality
• D. Anality

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In Freud’s psychosexual development theory, the oral stage is the first stage and occurs during infancy. It focuses on activities involving the mouth, such as sucking and feeding. This stage is crucial for the child's development as it forms the basis for trust and attachment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as latency refers to the stage during middle childhood where sexual impulses are suppressed, genitality refers to the final stage focusing on mature sexual relationships, and anality refers to the stage occurring during the toddler years where toilet training plays a significant role.

4. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, the school-age child is in which stage?

• A. Industry vs. inferiority
• B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
• C. Identity vs. role diffusion
• D. Trust vs. mistrust

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Industry vs. inferiority.' According to Erikson’s theory, school-age children (approximately 6-12 years old) are in the stage of industry vs. inferiority. In this stage, children focus on developing a sense of competence and productivity. Choice B, 'Autonomy vs. shame and doubt,' is incorrect as it refers to the stage that occurs during early childhood (1-3 years old). Choice C, 'Identity vs. role diffusion,' pertains to adolescence (12-18 years old). Choice D, 'Trust vs. mistrust,' is related to the stage of infancy (0-1 year old). Therefore, option A is the most appropriate stage for school-age children in Erikson's theory.

5. The nurse is planning care for a patient with a different ethnic background. Which should be an appropriate goal?

• A. Adapt, as necessary, ethnic practices to health needs
• B. Attempt, in a nonjudgmental way, to change ethnic beliefs
• C. Encourage continuation of ethnic practices in the hospital setting
• D. Strive to keep ethnic background from influencing health needs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Adapting ethnic practices to health needs respects the patient's cultural background while ensuring that care is effective and culturally sensitive.

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