Nursing Elites

1. Which disease requires strict isolation due to its mode of transmission?

• A. Mumps
• B. Chickenpox
• C. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
• D. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Chickenpox (choice B). Chickenpox is highly communicable and requires strict isolation to prevent the spread of the virus through direct contact, droplet transmission, and contaminated objects. Mumps (choice A) is also contagious but does not typically require strict isolation. Exanthema subitum (roseola) (choice C) and Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) (choice D) are not as highly contagious as chickenpox and do not necessitate strict isolation.

2. A child is refusing to use the potty and having accidents, even though he has achieved toilet training. This is an example of which type of behavior?

• A. Positive reinforcement
• B. Desensitization
• C. Phobia
• D. Regression

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, regression. Regression occurs when a child reverts to an earlier behavior, such as having accidents after being successfully toilet trained. This regression often happens due to stress or changes in routine. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because positive reinforcement involves encouraging desired behavior, desensitization is a process of reducing sensitivity to a stimulus, and phobia is an intense fear or aversion to a specific object or situation, none of which directly apply to the described situation of the child having accidents after being toilet trained.

3. Parents of a newborn with ambiguous genitalia want to know how long they will have to wait to know whether they have a boy or a girl. The nurse answers the parents based on what knowledge?

• A. Chromosome analysis will be complete in 7 days.
• B. A physical examination will be able to provide a definitive answer.
• C. Additional laboratory testing is necessary to assign the correct gender.
• D. Gender assignment involves collaboration between the parents and a multidisciplinary team.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Gender assignment in cases of ambiguous genitalia is a complex process that requires a multidisciplinary approach, including genetic, endocrinological, and psychological evaluations. The decision should be made collaboratively with the parents.

4. Which food should be introduced first to a 6-month-old infant?

• A. Fruits
• B. Eggs
• C. Vegetables
• D. Meat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vegetables, particularly pureed ones, are often recommended as a first solid food for infants because they are easy to digest and less likely to cause allergies. Fruits can be introduced later due to their natural sweetness, while eggs and meat are typically introduced after fruits and vegetables as they may pose a higher risk of allergies.

5. The parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, "All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry." What is the nurse's best action?

• A. Encourage the parent to verbalize feelings.
• B. Encourage the parent not to worry so much.
• C. Assess the parent for other signs of inadequate parenting.
• D. Reassure the parent that colic rarely lasts past age 9 months.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging the parent to express their feelings is crucial in providing support and addressing the emotional challenges that colic can present. Reassuring the parent about the temporary nature of colic can also be helpful.

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